Ethics in Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in - Research Proposal Example And that the participants should have the choice to withdraw from the research. And most importantly the participants should have the opportunity to give voluntary, informed consent to whether they want to participate in the investigations. Immediately after World War II a consensus emerged about the ethical principles that should be followed in any research. One of the reasons for this was the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial that followed World War II brought to the notice of the public how scientists in Germany had used prisoners as subjects in experiments that were often gruesome. Such disclosures necessitated a reexamination of ethical standards. There emerged a consensus that human beings and animals must be protected from being used as guinea pigs. Contemporary medical and social research today requires that issues such as anonymity, privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment and protection from discomfort and harm that arise while participating in a research program are taken care of. Many regulations have been put forth by establishments to protect the rights of the research participants. Some of them are outlined by William M.K. Trochim (2006) 2. The principle of informed consent which requires that the participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in the research and must give their consent to participate in the research. 4. Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. They must be assured that the information gathered from them will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the research. Several reasons can be put forth to stress the importance of ethics in research. Ethics promote the aims of research like truth, knowledge and avoidance of error. For instance when you bar fabricating and falsifying of records or misrepresenting research data you are promoting truth. You are less likely to make errors. Research

Marital status Essay Example for Free

Marital status Essay Q : I’l like some personal information first Mr. Wee. Do you mind telling me your age? A : Thank you for the opportunity and it is a great privilege to attend interview session. Have just entered 49th year giving a caution that it is time for another elevation in employment as the ageing process has just begun and it must work advantageously to derive further benefits both in terms of work which has a great experience in the past in profession and in building personal reputation as a designer. Began fashion designing career as a fresh diploma holder at the age of 23 and several phases of work have molded me into a professional fashion designer providing with both easy and complex formulas of work leaving a lasting experiences in fashion designing. So far, there were no regrets for choosing this career whereas have received much encouragement and cooperation from the place of work both from subordinates as well as from senior management and feel proud of being a part of this industry. Q: And are you a Malaysia citizen? A: Correct. In Asia, Malaysia has a great significance for its efficiency in airlines promoting Malaysia as a tourist destination all around the world. Malaysians are different in culture, life style and in choosing garments. Malaysian young men and women look beautiful and even attend beauty pageants at international level. Malaysian cuisine is specially flavored and particularly maintains usage of ancient herbs and practices some of the best methods of modernized cooking system which is liked by tourists. Garments designing is also very special such that a Malaysian can be identified with the kind of dressing one wears and sometimes even in speech. Malaysians are cordial and mannered and extend warm behavior in work environment. Q: And could you tell me your marital status, please? A: Married to an educated and a beautiful woman working in a Hyatt international as catering manager. My wife name is Micheele Yeoh who is a good manager and a good wife apart from being a very nice human being that she agreed to adopt an infant orphan boy at the age of one month in the year 1990. We have named the boy as Wu Zong and as couple since then, leading a happy marital life with Wu Zong who is now 17 yrs old and studying in junior medicine. As husband and wife, respect each other values and discipline and keep the marriage relation intact without giving rise to differences of opinion. In other words, have developed a perfect understanding about each other and it is going well in spite of the fact that, we could not become parents of our own children. Q: That’s fine. And what about your personal interests? A: After choosing fashion designing as a career, this has become round the clock personal interest checking and looking for new styles, patterns wherever traveled and even in leisure hours draw sketches and work out on new fabrics. Apart from this, cooking along with my wife, has been one of the good interest that holds our relation together and also provides entertainment of new experiments in kitchen chemistry. Leisure hours include gardening work, reading magazines and watching television fashion show channel where lots of international fashion designers display a set of modeled dresses on a catwalk. Q: And do you mind telling me what languages you speak? A: English and French have been favorites for working atmosphere and even when visiting some of the western destinations for handling projects on behalf of company. Have gained proficiency in English and French although, pronunciation identifies me as a Malaysian. Most of family friends and colleagues are French and English speaking who extended a warm friendship in providing lots of practice of speaking and writing English and French way back in 1990s and in the course of time presently, find English and French much easier as compared to any other foreign language. Cantonese is spoken in Southern China and this language is confined to only to some parts of Asia, so as a home language speaking Cantonese is also an advantage as it is mostly commonly spoken in China, Hong Kong and Central Guangdong. 2. Q: Now could you tell me what secondary school you went to Mr. Wee? A: St. Francies Xavier at Melaka is one of the best schools for secondary education wherein had the privilege to study some of the best subjects and languages which have helped in establishment of career as fashion designer. School imparted and exercised discipline and shaping students character as one of the finest individuals reflecting in school’s reputation. Feel proud to be an ex-student of the school and have joined my son also in the same school who has also successfully completed education. School atmosphere is very lively and keeps the students under warmth and reciprocal nature. Q: Did you? And when did you sit for your SPM? A: Obtained Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)certificate in the year 1976. SPM exam is taken at the age of 17 by most of the Malaysians. This exam is equivalent to British GCSE exam which will an opportunity for Malaysians to continue studies up to pre-university level. The subjects of SPM are to be appeared compulsorily and English paper is examined separately by National Examination Board. There were no extra tuitions for preparation of SPM and it was entirely self-made learning apart from school education. Q :Do you mind telling me your grades? A :Grades in school and in college education have been moderate ranging from A and B with a percentage of 60-69 gladly and there are no backlogs or failures in any subject. A constant scoring has been maintained all through the tenure of education. Q Fine. And what about your STPM examinations? What were your grades for these? A: Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM) is a higher school certificate is set by Malaysian Examinations Council which is taken at the end of Form 6 and one of the most difficult pre-university examination. The subjects included were mathematics, general paper, art, biology, physics and chemistry. The overall grade awarded to me was B at the end of examination which was satisfactory giving a marks percentage of 60. In the year 1977 obtained certificate of STPM.

The Crucible A.P. Book Report

The Crucible A.P. Book Report The Crucible A.P. Book Report 1. The Crucible 2. Arthur Miller, 1950s 3. America, California 4. John Proctor Honorable and rational, he is the â€Å"leader† of the few sane people of Salem. Although plagued by his affair with Abigail, the biased and foolish leaders of the church, and the underhanded intentions of his fellow neighbors, he still somehow is able to remain in our minds as a respectable man that stood honest until the end. Abigail Williams Masterfully deceitful and envious, she is the main cause of the Salem witch trials. Originally fueled by lust for John Proctor, she is forced to victimize the entire village after weaving too thick a web of deceit about her affair. Judge Danforth Self-Righteous and stiff, Judge Danforth is the towering character that believes in the churchs, and his own, holiness. He judges the Salem trials somewhat sensibly, but his stubbornness in Puritan values blinds him towards the ulterior motives of many Salem inhabitants. Reverend Parris Scornful and pathetic, Parris is a deplorable minister that cares only about his image. He discover Abigail flagrantly disobeying his orders, but tries to keep her deeds secret, in fear for his reputation. Elizabeth Proctor (minor) Wise and forgiving, Elizabeth is a modest woman that has quietly lived with John, even through his affair. Although she doesnt appear joyful or happy, she is never blinded by Salems uproar and easily shines as a moral character through the harsh times. Reverend John Hale (minor) Overconfident but sensible, Reverend John Hale is a character that majorly develops as the novel progresses. He first shows up as a brash reverend ready to fight witchcraft, but develops into a humble and sensible man that realizes the calamity in Salem. He is one of Johns few allies, and is wrecked with guilt after the trials are over. 5. Salem, Massachusetts (Village) John Proctors House: Although located somewhat outside of Salem, it doesnt take long for the craze to reach his house. The mood in the house is dreary and stiff, since an air of mistrust pervades the roms. Hale originally comes here to examine the Proctors family, but comes to believe in Johns cause after the injustice done to Elizabeth. Salem Meeting House: Forbidding and ominous, the meeting house turned courtroom is the center stage for the witch trials. Poorly made walls and simple furniture make up the room, and this creates awkward tension for the reader and the accused. All accused â€Å"witches† are condemned here by Judge Danforth, with Abigail leading her deceitful group. Parriss House: Originally clean and white, this place soon houses the horrible misdeeds of the Salem Witch craze. Betty was originally confined to her bed here with a mild sickness, but certain accusations against her, paired with Titubas confession and Abigails quick plot, turned this house into the spawning point for the witch hunt. 6. In the village of Salem, Betty Parris is stricken with a disease after secretly dancing in the woods with the village girls. The townspeople bring in Reverand Hale, a witch craft expert, and he accuses the leaders of the girls, Abigail and Tituba, of complying with the devil. However, the girls claim they were possessed, and blame random member of the village to reinforce their confession. The Salem Witch hunt officially starts. In a house far outside Salem, John and Elizabeth Proctor converse over marriage issues. Soon after, Hale comes to question the Proctors, but instead learns from John of Abigails deceit and intention. The marshals then arrive, and bring a warrant for Elizabeths arrest on account of being a witch. Though they have little evidence and Hales disapproval, the marshals take her anyways. Proctor, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, and Francis Nurse storm into the court and demand for the release of their wives. Marry Warren, originally part of Abigails group, confesses that everything is a lie. Proctor brings more evidence, claiming that Abigail is a whore that wishes to see his wife dead, and that his wife knew all about the affair. Judge Danforth gives a series of tests to Proctor to confirm this, bringing in Elizabeth to confirm the statement. She denies it to save Proctors dignity and both are jailed, ultimately due for the gallows. The seasons change, and Abigail has run away from Salem. John is given a chance to live by signing a confession, but tears it up when he learns it must be shown to the public and ruin his name. At the end, he is sent to the gallows. 7. Religious Extremism/Intolerance: Although superstition and religious values sparked the ideas of witchcraft around the town, it was intolerance and Puritan extremism that truly set the fire ablaze. Basically, anything against Puritan values was stricken down as devil-worship. Ironically, the only reason the Salem Trials became believable was because of Hales relentless push for a confession between Tibuta and Abagail, and Judge Danforths one-track mind against the proclaimed â€Å"witches.† Accountability and Hidden Agendas: In a culture founded on strict standards and uptight morals, it was inevitable that private transgressions would form. The Crucible documents a time in which all sins were looked upon as extremely taboo and devil-influenced. Consciously or subconsciously, people still bore personal sins, and this harboring led to the rapid pace of accusations. By accusing others, feelings of self-morality were produced; villagers turned on villagers, and the Salem Trials went down in history as a dark time for everyone. Reputation and Guilt: Reputation is an extremely influential factor in every decision of The Crucible, but it often makes the decisions unbeneficial to everyone. Reverend Parris chooses to cover up his nieces deeds in regards to his reputation; however this decision only creates more speculation and gives Abigail more time to create a believable story. Danforths failure to admit wrongdoing due to his respectable record clearly leads to many unwarranted deaths, while Hales admittance makes him a respectable and honest character. Finally, John Proctors decision to reveal his affair in order to condemn Abigail ironically makes him the most upright character out of all the self-serving Puritans. 8. The Witch Trials: Although already important in itself, the witch trials generally represented the idea of unfair accusation, and raised the question on the validity of the accuser. It also represented the idea of an accuser getting the accused to speak the answer that he or she would want to here, no matter the technique. These questionable situations can be matched with the big issue at hand during the second red scare, McCarthyism. The United States Government, using little evidence, accused thousands of Americans of being communists, and Arthur Miller used the Salem Trials to represent the absurdity of these accusations. Foreign Objects (The Woods, Poppet, Titubas Ritual): Although completely different things, these three share a commonality: they are foreign to the Puritan beliefs. The woods represent the unknown, seemingly equaling the darkness of the devil. To Reverend Parris, the woods emphasize Titubas ritual as a satanic device, starting the whole ordeal of a witch craze. The poppet also represents a clash of beliefs, as it also represents a foreign concept to the Puritans. Ultimately used as evidence against Elizabeth, a seemingly harmless poppet harnesses deadly superstitions that almost earn Elizabeth a death sentence. Overall, these three concepts represent the Puritans fear of the unknown, and their rebranding of anything suspicious as devilish and superstitious. 9. Abigail: I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me youve never looked up at my window? In The Crucible, heat and fire are strong images of the lustful relationship between Abigail and Proctor. In Act I, Abigail still wants their private relationship to go on, as she claims swears that she has â€Å"a sense for heat† and has seen John â€Å"burning up† in his loneliness. Basically, she still has a passion for him, and hopes to convince John that he still loves her. Later, the absence of heat in his own home describes his stiff relationship with Elizabeth. His house is described as low and dark, imagery that represents the cold affair that emotionally separates the two. Proctor: I have made a bell of my honor! I have run the doom of my good name you will believe me, Mr.Danforth! The metaphor of his honor becoming a bell is strangely true in regards to the Puritan village. Bells in a city are used to alarm citizens or remind them of an event; Proctors honor is doing exactly that. Ironically, Proctors show of honesty in revealing his affair is the first true act of a Puritan, ringing true throughout the court. However, the only sound that is actually heard in the court is his doom, since his originally suspicious character does not merit truthfulness. 10. A crucible is literally defined as a â€Å"container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures,† or â€Å"a severe, searching test or trial.† These two definitions basically sum up the entire story; the whole book is literally a court trial, and symbolically a trial of villagers morality and practicality. Most fail the test by succumbing to false accusations (high temperatures), and subsequently shoving the blame onto someone else. However, this play really shines when we actually find a real â€Å"crucible†, representing John Proctor. Although he is hanged, he is understandably one of the only few that actually endures the flames and trials, and stays in our mind as a true crucible. 11. Style/Dialect: One important aspect Arthur Miller wanted to emphasize while writing this work is its realism. He wanted us to understand that this actually happened. By writing an entire play using the dialect spoken in the late 1690s, Miller is able to bring this play to life. Through the use of old style wording that includes real accounts from Salem documents, we can witness everything in a historically accurate recreation. Form of Narration: By choosing to recreate the Salem Trials through a play and not a novel, Arthur Miller allows us to fully view what really happened without keeping us in a detached state of mind. If one would watch the play, he or she would witness real dialogue and real actions; novels give us an enjoyment, but never allow us to feel the real fervor of the characters involved. In novels, the author decides what we watch. However in plays, the author gives us an entire scene and allows us to focus on specific parts, just like real life. 12. Elizabeth: He were not hanged. He would not answer aye or nay to his indictment; for if he denied the charge theyd hang him surely, and auction out his property. So he stand mute, and died Christian under the lawGreat stones they lay upon his chest†¦they say he give them but two words, â€Å"More weight,† he says. And died. (135) Proctor: No it is not the same! What others say and what I sign to is not the same! Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (143) Proctor:Why, we have no fear of questions, sir. Hale: Good, then†¦ I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. Proctor:Whats your suspicion, Mr. Hale? Hale: No, no, I have no Proctor: I nailed the roof upon the church, I hung the door a Hale: Oh, did you! Thats a good sign, then. (64, 66) From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes

This Way To The Gas versus On My First Son Essay -- Tadeusz Borowski B

The short story, â€Å"This Way To The Gas, Ladies And Gentlemen† by Tadeusz Borowski and the poem â€Å"On My First Son† by Ben Johnson, both deal with death. They are very different types of death and are told in different ways but through some similar approaches, a similar feeling is portrayed to the reader of each. One of the first similarities of the two is that they are both told in the first person as well as being personal accounts. Ben speaks, as himself, about the death of his son and Borowski tells of events at a death camp that he was in during WWII. They both tell their stories through their own voices which adds a lot to the experience of reading. It allows the reader to except just how real the story is. Once the reader accepts that, then the reader is able to more fully understand and relate to the feelings of the authors especially because of how reality based they are. For example, in â€Å"On My First Son†, when Johnson says â€Å"Oh, could I lose all father now!†(Johnson, ln.5), the reader is able to feel the deep sorrow in that line. That is because it is told to the reader by Ben Johnson, the father of a dead son. When the story is made that personal, it is impossible to not share the passionate feelings that are expressed. Borowski causes this type of reaction i n the reader as well but in a more indirect way. He does through his personal descriptions rather than personal expressions of feelings. One example is when he describes the dead babies in the box cars and explain...

Hong Kong affect its future economy Essay

This research project seeks to bring out the effects of the Hong Kong population structure on the future economy of Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a booming economy being one of the major financial districts of the South Asian region and its changing population structure has a lot to do with its workforce and in turn affects its working culture and present and future economic structure as well. Research Question: The research question for this project seek to study how or to what extent the population structure a regards to age and gender or social characteristics of the population tend to affect the present and future economy of Hong Kong. So there are two parts to this research project – the first part analyzes the population structure of Hong Kong with regards to the age and gender or social status and the second part brings out the economic structure of Hong Kong from its past to present changes and the future of Hong Kong economy in a more globalized world and the impact of global markets on the financial centre of Asia. The focused research question in this case brings out several dimension of the study as through the analysis of the qualitative and quantitative dimensions, the subjective and objective aspects of the study. The impact of the changes in population structure on the economy could be understood on the basis of changing population numbers and percentages quantitatively and the socioeconomic changes as understood qualitatively. The research question essentially focuses on the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of the research as it seeks to bring out the impact of population change in economic structure of Hong Kong in a descriptive manner and in accordance with socioeconomic changes, as in influence of wage, gender, age gaps and changes etc an also the direct statistical values and correlations between population and economic structures in terms of numbers and statistical values. The research question on the extent to which population structure affects the Hong Kong economy thus brings out this ‘extent’ in terms of numbers or real values as also in terms of description of changes in Hong Kong as what happens qualitatively when the population structure changes and what is the impact on the economy from a descriptive point of view. Like for example this can be related to lack of high living standards, poor health conditions of the elderly. These would be qualitative dimensions of the research and the values or percentages of changing population and simultaneously changing economy would be the quantitative aspects of research. These two methods are discussed further in the methodology section as given below. Background/Literature Review: A brief literature review is provided here and brings out the main points of research articles as published in journals and obtained from ingentaconnect or sciencedirect or JSTOR. The literature review is on the Hong Kong population and economic structure and articles published and written on these issues showing the impact of an ageing population on Hong Kong’s economy and job prospects and on the industries in Hong Kong as influenced by a global economy and ageing population. In this literature review section a study by Leigh (2006), a research article by Chui published 2003 and another by Fan and Lui (2003) have been selected. Leigh’s study shows the direct impact of ageing on Hong Kong’s economy, fiscal changes and living standards. Chui shows how the ageing population face problems of survival and housing in a fast paced Hong Kong economy and Fan and Lui talk of gender and wage gap in Hong Kong’s population that could redefine economic changes and structure. The studies chosen here highlight the qualitative aspects of the impact of ageing and gender changes in population or demography on the economic structure of Hong Kong. The participation of women has also increased significantly necessitating needs of study of the impact of gender on Hong Kong’s economy and how women’s participation in the workplace can change things for the economy. In a research article on the population structure of Hong Kong, Leigh (2006) has suggested that Hong Kong SAR’s population has been aging rapidly and aging could adversely affect the growth and living standards of people in Hong Kong. There has to be some change in economic and administrative policies in keeping with the aging or changing population according to the article. There is a high labor and productivity growth with increased migration of younger skilled workers from Chinese mainland in Hong Kong mainly due to Hong Kong’s booming economy and although this attenuates the economic impact of aging, there is no full offset of the impact of aging population on the economic structure of Hong Kong. According to Leigh, aging puts considerable pressure on public finances particularly as with aging there is also rising health costs that directly affect government spending. There are relatively fewer options that government has and opportunities to implement polices on this are also limited that could lessen the impact of aging on the governance and structure as demographic effects would start setting in by 2015 when the ratio of working population would peak. The Hong Kong SAR authorities have been focused on administrative and governance policies that would limit or reduce the fiscal impact of aging and they have also provided continued expenditure restraint on reform of health care financing with private health insurance systems, along with tax reforms and non age sensitive areas (Leigh, 2006). Considering the gradual ageing problem of Hong Kong, Chui (2001) suggest that Hong Kong as one of the Four Dragons of Asia is faced with the gradual ageing problem that seems to have affected the urban fabric of the city as also the general population. However one of the regions in which Hong Kong seems to be booming along with the economy is property development as Hong Kong is mainly based on a property led economy and the government as well as private and public property developers have been launching redevelopment projects for setting up new structures in Hong Kong. However as Chui points out the special needs problems of elderly people have not been attended to and most of Hong Kong’s elderly people are poor physically, financially and socially. However with urban renewal and changes, the elderly people are at disadvantage and face threats to their survival as they are not in a position to cope with the restructuring changes in Hong Kong’s fast paced urban development projects. There has also been a gradual weakening of the respect to Chinese traditional values and culture as for the respect given to the elderly and this along with nuclearization of families have added to the problems of the elderly. Chui writes that government housing policies in Hong Kong should emphasize on community care and ageing in place and help in solving housing problems and needs of the elderly. The study shows the plight of older people in Hong Kong, a booming economy in the South Asian region and a contrasting fate of the elderly people. The gender gap in wages has been analyzed by some researchers and the trend shows a narrowing gender gap in wages. According to Fan and Lui (2003), the narrowing gender gap may be related to women’s advantages compared with earlier times especially women’s changing positions at the workplace. Gender gap is found as smaller in occupations and industries that are less dependent on physical labour as men are more suitable for physically rigorous work. This shows that when an economy transforms from a manufacturing or production oriented approach to a more service oriented one, women’s productivity would be recognized an with increased women’s participation in service based economies, the gender gap on the basis of wage or participation at the workplace also decreases. A 1% random subsample was used in this study for two population censuses and the results of the experiment also support empirical results. Methodology The methodology to be used for this study will be both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative and quantitative data would be primarily available from the internet and research journal databases and journal articles will be selected along with studies by the Hong Kong government as based on the economic indicators, as well as statistical and other government reports on the population and GDP, GNP and labor or prices. Of course in this section we highlight the importance of theory and practice and differentiate between the theories and the practical implications of research and the use of methodology to explain these two features. The theories that will be dealt with will be economic theories and changes in the global economy along with changes in the Hong Kong economic structure. The practical implications here would be changes in the population structure statistically obtained and otherwise and population changes as indicated in journal articles that deal with ageing and its associated problems in Hong Kong. The theories and practice of the economic and population changes in Hong Kong will be obtained from journal articles selected from journal databases and these articles are obtained by using search terms such as ‘Hong Kong economy’, ‘Hong Kong population, ‘Ageing population, ‘South Asian Economy’, ‘Economic structure of Hong Kong, Population of Hong Kong, ‘Elderly in Hong Kong, ‘Employment in Hong Kong and Economy’ etc. As indicated in the later part of the study, the government’s reports on the economic changes and population changes have been given here and the results can be used to show the trends and the analysis can be done quantitatively and qualitatively to show the changes in population in terms of age, gender and wages or social status. In fact wage structure shows changes in economic conditions of the major part of population and results could be drawn to show how economy and wages would be related in turn to gender and age and the overall impact this has on the Hong Kong’s population structure could be drawn in the analysis and interpretation section of the results. The different possible methodological frameworks would be the qualitative methodology and the quantitative methodology. Qualitative methodology is about understanding the more qualitative or subjective aspects of the population and delineating the attributes or the characteristics of job changes, economic structure and population structure in Hong Kong. Quantitative methodology is about showing statistical tables and values and suggests the population and economic structural changes in terms of values or numbers as given in statistical tables. The impact of old age or ageing population on the economy as discussed qualitatively by researchers would form part of the study using journal articles and descriptions of the situation as given by researchers in articles and published papers as would be the quantitative aspects that are given in published reports and statistical tables giving values or numbers that define the changes in Hong Kong’s social, demographic and economic structure quantitatively in terms of values, statistics and numbers. A snapshot of the qualitative and quantitative primary data as would be used in the research study is given below and from some of the research papers as used in the literature review and the reports published by the Hong Kong government, the primary data in terms of tables or published research reports will be chosen and analyzed for the purposes of this study. The published articles or papers in journals as selected from ingenta, sciencedirect, JSTOR or other such databases thus provide the basis for qualitative primary data and the published research reports as available from Hong Kong government sites showing statistical analysis of population and economic structure form the more quantiatve aspects of this study and a balance of quantitative and qualitative methods will be considered for analysis of this research study. Social science research is largely based on ontological and epistemological propositions that help to understand consumer behavior and in this case population structure and government approach to population and how it affects Hong Kong economy in general. From the ontological point of view any phenomena could be analyzed objectively using economic data and in this case the economic structure of Hong Kong could be comparatively objectively analyzed considering other developed or developing economies and the effects of population on economy. The epistemological approach to methodology emphasizes on people’s perspectives and the subjective or qualitative aspects of research as already indicated. Positivistic and Interpretive theories in social science research focus on scientific data (as in positivism) in which experimental findings are of prime importance and interpretive analysis in which drawing out qualitative aspects and viewpoints of the researcher would be more important. The epistemological, interpretive positions are closer to qualitative methodology and the positivistic, ontological philosophies are akin to quantitative methodology as used in any research project. The Table below provides the population structure of Hong Kong by age and sex and as seen from the initial study of 2007 population growth and structure, 3. 9% of the population is above 60 years of age, 3. 4% of the population is above 65 or 70 years of age, 2. 7% of the population reaches above 75 year limit and 1. 7% of the population crosses the 80 year old mark. 1. 4% of the population is above 85 years. This suggests that a significant portion of the population is an aged population in Hong Kong and this is a change from 2006 in which the 60 year old population was at 3. 7% and above 75 year olds was at 2. 6% and above 85 year olds was at 1. 3%. The charts show that thee has been a slight yet significant increase in aging population of Hong Kong and considerable decrease in the young population as seen from the population data of 2006-2007. If data is attained over a period of last 10 years this aging population trend will however become more prominent and this will be elaborated in the methodology and data collection section of the research. This research table thus forms part of the resources that we use as data for our study on the effects of population on economic structure.

How do men treat women in Porphyria’s lover

Also the poem shows how men are the leaders, because in the poem for them to meet up she was the one who had to travel o him in the freezing cold and pouring rain. As well as that it is as though he is embarrassed by her because he is meeting her in a deserted place. The theme of power over women is also explored in Porphyry's Lover by Robert Browning, where the poet makes the narrator of the poem(Porphyry's Lover) repeat the word â€Å"mine† to highlight his possession of her. In addition to this, it is the woman's physical body which is arranged, in such a powerless position which in a weird way represents the power which men hold over women.There is also objectification to women â€Å"And give herself to me reeve†, as though she were an object that cannot object doesn't have any emotions and admire him. Then Porphyry's Lover kills her, think because he wanted that to be the last moment with her as he felt true happiness, â€Å"made my heart swell, and still it grewà ¢â‚¬  think that he thought that she was so happy and content that she wouldn't mind dying there and then. â€Å"l am quite sure she felt no pain†, but she was human and did feel the pain but he didn't see her like that. â€Å"And yet God has not said a word! Because he feels he hasn't been punished by God yet, he feels as though killing her was the right thing to o. My Last Duchess is a poem that has many important themes, one of these themes being objectification to women. The women in this poem known as the last duchess was dismissed as though she were an uncared for object with no feelings. She wasn't allowed to have a life outside of her husband and this was very common in the Victorian era. However this poems showed how if women didn't follow their husbands rules they would be killed, so men may have cared about their wives but they cared more about how they were seen by society.Just because the last duchess blushed near a man and her hand as showing her husband assum ed she was flirting and thought it was necessary to murder her as he thought that because of her he was looking bad to society. â€Å"l gave commands† the speaker said, this phase suggesting how men dominate women. He also says â€Å"Who'd stoop to blame† the word ‘stoop' meaning go down, and society in the Victorian era did not support men to be dominated by women. Having by Carol Ann Duffy is a poem that shows how the loss of a man during the Victorian era could cause major heartache and eternal misery.In the first line she calls him a â€Å"sweetheart bastard† the ‘sweetheart' shows that he is still in love with him but at the same time she hates him we know this from the word ‘bastard'. This is an oxymoron used to emphasis her aggression. The phrase â€Å"wished him dead† shows her desperation and how with each day her anger grows. â€Å"ropes on the back of my hands† is a metaphor which could be representing her veins due to stress and anger or the clenching and unclench of her fist showing that she is still tied to him. â€Å"Spinster. † Is a one-word sentence meaning that she is strung up and outdated.