The Hippie Counterculture Movement - 1751 Words

Hippie Counterculture Flower child, a name that forms in the mind an image of an innocent child, denoted the youth of the mid-1960s. These youth, otherwise called the hippies, relied not so much on innocence, but instead sought freedom to distinguish the conformity the past generations held. Before these youth, the Beats or Beatniks from the Beat Generation spread throughout the Western Worlds around the 1950s. The Beats’ philosophy paralleled that of the hippies, however, their focus centered in the literature, music, and art. These artists asserted their disappointment with the mainstream society through such art forms (Counterculture).Through the Beatniks’ art forms the roots of the hippies’ struggles and concerns seem†¦show more content†¦She never bought the rest. I remember reading it and seeing a picture of an atomic bomb and a tank going over some rubble. I think I became hysterical. I screamed and screamed† (Kenniston, 48). The fear and dread of the atomic bomb and annihilation of the world ensued in the minds of these children Post World War II. Imagine a child shown a picture of such graphics, with bloodshed and calamity everywhere; these children had their innocence taken at such a young age that they were hesitant to cross the door of adulthood. Holden Caufield struggles with his transition from adolescence to adulthood evident in the 1950s novel Catcher in the Rye. His inner tension stems from his unsuccessful approach in connecting with people condensing him into a lonesome character who fosters psychological issues. His problem, however, arises from the childhood trauma of losing his brother Andy. This trauma alienates him from the society and also causes him to lose his innocence at the age of 13. Holden faces two crises: one that persists with the feelings of loneliness, guilt, anxiety, and misery and the other from â€Å"the failure of success.† The marks from their childhood haunted them into becoming misfits in society, forming their own society of the hippies. Along with the childhood struggles, the hippies stressed being drafted into the Vietnam War. The hippie counterculture movement stressed a focus on their opposition of the Vietnam War in that theyShow MoreRelatedThe Counterculture Of The Hippie Movement1768 Words   |  8 Pageschallenging the modern society they were living in. The term â€Å"counterculture† started to appear in form of movements, mainly initiated by young people who rejected the mainstream society rules. In the following report I will be focusing on the hippie movement that started in 1960s and how the. Woodstock Music and Art Festival of 1969 became the most important music festival of the 1960s counterculture and thus a symbol of the hippie movement. Identity, body and fashion are some of the topics that willRead MoreEssay about The Counterculture899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of the Hippie Counterculture of the 1960s The â€Å"hippies† of the 1960s had many effects on the American society. The visual appearance and lifestyle of the hippies were in sharp contrast to the conservative nature of the older generation, which defined them as a counterculture. The hippie lifestyle was based on free love, rock music, shared property, and drug experimentation. They introduced a new perspective on drugs, freedom of expression, appearance, music, attitudes toward workRead MoreThe Hippie Movement and the Beat Movemnt1704 Words   |  7 PagesHow the Hippies got hip with the beat of the Beat Movement Jack Kerouac once said, â€Å"the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars† (Kerouac 5). Kerouac was the symbol of the Beat Movement. He was the rebellious and adventurous man, who during his time wasRead MorePositive and Negative Impacts of the Sixties Counterculture1532 Words   |  7 Pagesprove that some Americans still had the common sense to care for one another. The young people of the sixties counterculture movement were successful at awakening awareness on many causes that are being fought in modern American discourse. If not for the Revolution that the hippies began, political or social reform and the Peoples voice would be decades behind. While the hippie movement has subsided, as it became too cool and entrenched in mainstream society, the spirit of the Hippies lives onRead MoreThe Hippie Subculture Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hippie Movement: The Philosophy behind the Counterculture The sixties was a decade of liberation and revolution, a time of great change and exciting exploration for the generations to come. It was a time of anti-war protests, free love, sit-ins, naked hippie chicks and mind-altering drugs. In big cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Paris, there was a passionate exchange of ideas, fiery protests against the Vietnam War, and a time for love, peace and equality. The comingRead MoreThe Countercultures: Once Pooh-poohed, Now Revered1275 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout American history, the countercultures have greatly influenced the societies of their respective eras. The Quakers, the Harlem Renaissance participants, and the Hippies have had an immense impact on American culture. This impact is especially apparent in the political actions and artä ¸â‚¬audio and visualä ¸â‚¬of the countercultures’ respective times. The Quakers first arrived in North America after facing constant persecution under England’s monarchical government. Led by William Penn, Jr., theRead MoreEssay The Hippie Movement of 1960s America1422 Words   |  6 Pagescreating their own counterculture. The purpose of the counterculture was to create a community where there was a commonality of ideas and convictions. The American hippie movement of the 1960s was strengthened by the drastic increase of the youth population because of the the baby boomers, a longer adolescent period due to the improved economy, and the use of media and communications, such as TVs and radical college newspapers. There were two reactions to the hippie movement: the first, an angryRead MoreFear and Loathing vs. on the Road1595 Words   |  7 Pagespublished at the outset of the counter-culture movement of the 1950s and 1960s. This novel provides a first-hand account of the beginnings of the Beat movement and acts as a harbinger for the major societal changes that would occur in the United States throughout the next two decades. On the contrary, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, a Hunter S. Thompson novel written in 1971 provides a commentary on American society at the end of the counter-culture movement. Thompson reflects on the whirlwind of politicalRead MoreCounterculture - Research Paper3195 Words   |  13 PagesCounterculture of the Sixties in the USA Causes and Effects by Johanna K. Weisz Preface If the Sixties was the decade of rebellion in America, the preceding two post-WWII decades were characterized by social conformity and trust in the system. â€Å"In that era of general good will and expanding affluence, few Americans doubted the essential goodness of their society† (Haberstam 10). However, this trust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. Many of the numerous youth born duringRead MoreCounterculture - Research Paper3180 Words   |  13 PagesCounterculture of the Sixties in the USA Causes and Effects by Johanna K. Weisz Preface If the Sixties was the decade of rebellion in America, the preceding two post-WWII decades were characterized by social conformity and trust in the system. â€Å"In that era of general good will and expanding affluence, few Americans doubted the essential goodness of their society† (Haberstam 10). However, this trust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. Many of the numerous youth born during the post-WWII

Identity And Cultural Identity - 712 Words

Throughout the ages, humans from all over the world have created and accepted honorable cultures which they feel a strong connection to and are dependent upon. One’s way of living demonstrates nationality, religion, ethnicity, and art. People who have more than one culture, have been torn between two worlds that have eventually affected their lives. The cultural identities portrayed in both Self Portrait: On the Borderline Between Mexico and the United States by Frida Kahlo and â€Å"Legal Alien† by Pat Mora are shown through the symbolism, theme/message, and persona created in the works. The artists represent their culture in their work by using symbolism. Bicultural is one of the symbolisms behind each detail in both Mora’s poem and†¦show more content†¦viewed by Mexicans as aliens†¦ to Americans as Mexican†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 11-14). Meaning that no matter what she chooses as her culture, whether it is just one or two, she will always be criticized one way or another. Separately, Kahlo shows it by the moon and the sun as â€Å"sad†, even though they are together. This also shows how no matter what she chooses, she will not have a good feeling. To differentiate, Mora believes that one should have to be in a culture if they are willing to commit to the culture by stating, â€Å"... sliding back and forth between the fringes of the world†¦ Bi-laterally.† (line 17-22). This reveals that if one can tolerate being lateral for both cultures, they can go for it. Kahlo demonstrates that one can belong to a variety of cultures, but on ly one must have the key to your heart, the one that you are not vulnerable to. What is shown through the works describes the way both artist are like and how their culture identities reflect it. Both of the artists persona come together to shape the casual, normal life of a Mexican American by being torn between two worlds. Both artist have had conflict during their lifetime that therefore are sensitive to what the not only believe in, but put their faith in causing them to be reluctant to their identity. A difference is that Mora is more modern, meaning she does not care where or how she belongs to a culture. Whereas Kahlo, on the other hand, is very traditional and relies on herShow MoreRelatedEssay On Cultural Identity1114 Words   |  5 PagesCulture identity development is an important part of every life due the emergence of self through primary and sociocultural contexts (Ecklund, 2016). These stages of development are made up of either a dominant or a non-dominant group and intersectional adaptation. More specifically, cultural identity is a self-construct where individuals share the same culture, which causes them to attribute themselves to that group (Ecklund, 2016 ). Being a part of the dominant culture in the United States has openedRead MoreStuart Halls Cultural Identity and Diaspora1599 Words   |  7 PagesOuahani Nasr-edine A Paper about Stuart Hall’s article: Cultural Identity and Diaspora Stuart hall talks about the crucial role of the â€Å"Third Cinemas† in promoting the Afro-Caribbean cultural identities, the Diaspora hybridity and difference. Hall argues that the role of the â€Å"Third Cinemas† is not simply to reflect what is already there; rather, their crucial role is to produce representations which constantly constitute the third world’s peoples as new subjects against their representationsRead MoreThe Current Challenges of Cultural Identity Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesCultural identity refers to the feeling belonging to a certain culture that is attributed to the upbringing of an individual in the given culture. Cultural identity gives a person the sense of belonging and belonging towards their culture. Modern cultural studies show that cultural identification has taken a new face. Various cultural identifiers can be used to identify the culture of an individual. These identifiers include nationality, language, location, gender, reli gious beliefs, history, andRead MoreJunot Dà ­az Drown a Struggle for Cultural Identity2432 Words   |  10 PagesDà AZ’S DROWN: A STRUGGLE FOR CULTURAL IDENTITY 1 Junot Dà ­az’s Drown: A Struggle for Cultural Identity Against an Unjust Society Dà AZ’S DROWN: A STRUGGLE FOR CULTURAL IDENTITY Junot Dà ­az’s Drown: A Struggle for Cultural Identity Against an Unjust Society Junot Dà ­az’s Drown is a compelling and surprising set of short stories, each affecting the reader in a different way, but all making an impression. These stories follow a variety of characters, often depicting the experience of the immigrant experienceRead MoreIdentity And Cultural Identity1158 Words   |  5 Pagesautomatically born into their cultural identity by naturally acquiring their language, accustoms, and/or taught other cultural fundamentals. This may reflect different ways or aspects of how importance five-factor models of personality, language, or learned gestures may play a role in a family or their culture based on the majority and minority which speaks also as a method of communication. Understanding there’s another way identity labeling may intercept cultural similarities and dissimilaritiesRead MoreCultural Identity And Identity1771 Words   |  8 Pagesin its own unique way. Growing up in a multicultural family, it has been quite difficult to find my own cultural identity. This can be identified as an individuals own problem, however, by using the sociological imagination you can see how various social factors have the larger social impact on someone’s train of thought. I will use sociological imagination to explain how my cultural identity has been shaped largely through my diverse ethnic background as well as my own class. Furthermore my socializationRead MoreIdentity Analysis : Cultural Identity And Identity1423 Words   |  6 Pages Identity Analysis â€Å"Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind†, a quote from Dr. Suess. I wanted to acknowledge this quote because this inspired me to do my collage. I’m not going to lie, I started my collage later than told because I was having a creative block. I was scrolling through twitter and saw the quote on my timeline. I was motivated by this quote. I was afraid that what I was going to put on my collage would trigger judgementRead MoreCultural Identity And Personal Identity1016 Words   |  5 Pages Personal Identity We all have a distinct culture, going on hiking trips at the Hollywood Hills on sunday , sushi night on fridays, or a common one like movie night with your whole family. Which every unique traditions you have it always connect with your cultural identity. ‘Cultural identity is the identity or feeling of belonging to a group. It is part of a persons self-conception and self-perception and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, localityRead MoreCultural Identity And Ethnic Identity1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe models of cultural identity share most of the same mutual characteristic but the experiences each individual endure in life will have the individual thinking about their belief. The cultural identity is the individuality or feeling of belonging. When thinking about a Native American understanding the racial and ethnic identity of an individual is important part of that individual. Racial and ethnic identity is a contribution t o complete understanding the Native American. For some mainlyRead MoreEthnic Identity And Cultural Identity1204 Words   |  5 PagesEthnic identity much like racial identity is difficult to clearly discern and delineate. As a social construct, it is an umbrella term that mark a group affiliation to a common origin, culture, religion, or geography; it consists of shared traditions, behaviors, values and beliefs. (Waters, 1990) Outlining the elements and components of ethnic identity, Phinney and Ong (2007) stress its multidimensionality and dynamism, it encompasses several cultural, linguistic, behavioral features as well as being

Brown v. Board of Education Free Essays

In the broad scope of the hundreds of thousands of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court in decades past, few measure up to the historical significance of Brown v. Board of Education. We will write a custom essay sample on Brown v. Board of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The decision of the judges in this particular dispute challenged the mainstream views of the people of our country, changing the times, and shaping the future of America. Not only did the Court’s ruling protect the rights of millions of African American students in our country, moreover Brown v. Board of Education launched the civil rights movement that produced the America we know today. Had the judges ruled other than the way they did, one can only imagine how the history of our country would have played out, or how different our nation would be as a result. In the years leading up to the 1950’s, as a whole, the people of our country were severely discriminative towards the African American race. People of different colors were forced to shop in separate stores, eat in separate restaurants, live on opposite sides of town, and even drink from different water fountains. The same held true for the public school system, which unfairly segregated students according to their color based on the laws that Brown v Board of Education changed. Tragically, the schools reserved for white children were in far better condition than the schools for those of the minority, usually lacking decent books and properly trained teachers, and often teaching an inadequate curriculum (The Brown Foundation). It is no surprise then that the affliction of these minority students did not settle well with the race as a whole, and in 1951, after long suffering, four complaints were filed in four separate states against their respective school boards (Brown v. Board 486). As summarized by The Brown Foundation, the first action arose out of Delaware, where the segregated schools were considerably unequal. There, black students were bused from their homes to schools hours away, rather than attending the schools for white children where they lived. After being denied access to the white schools near their homes, suit was filed. The second case came from Topeka, Kansas, where the number of white schools greatly outnumbered the amount of black schools. As a result, parents in Topeka tried to enroll their black children in white schools, only to be denied. The third case was filed in South Carolina, where the schools were also substantially unequal. When the parents of black children filed suit against their school board, the Court ordered that the schools be equalized. The schools however, refused to comply. The final case arose out of Virginia. There the schools were far too small to accommodate the number of students that attended them, and once again were grossly inadequate, lacking even indoor plumbing. After suit was filed locally, the school board was ordered to make the segregated schools equal, however black children still were not admitted in to white schools (The Brown Foundation). The facts regarding each case were different, but the issue at hand was the same, young African American children had been denied access to the schools reserved for their white counterparts per the laws that were written to protect them from such injustices. The very government that was intended to protect their rights and freedoms denied the relief of the children, holding to the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson. That doctrine stated that the separation of black and white students was within the law, so long as the segregated schools were equal. After defeat in federal district courts, on appeal, the four cases were consolidated into what is known as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, to be heard in The Supreme Court in 1952 (Brown v. Board 487,488). The Supreme Court Justices looked in depth at the fourteenth amendment, more specifically the right of the equal protection of the laws that the fourteenth amendment guaranteed to all Americans, of which the minority children claimed that they were deprived of. The justices pondered the question, â€Å"Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? † (Brown v. Board 493). The Justices addressed the equality of the education in public schools overall, throwing out the idea that if books, desks, and classrooms were similar, then children received an equal education. Considering the fact that separated black children are educated in a way that makes them feel inferior to white children, the Court held that the feelings of inferiority, which were enforced by the laws of our country, effected the driving force behind the students that urged them to learn and therefore to receive an equal education. On May 17, 1954, the Court ruled that the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine was irrelevant when it came to education, thus holding that the segregation of students based on race did in fact violate the rights set forth by the fourteenth amendment (Brown v. Board 495). Then a few weeks later, on May 31, the last day of the term, the judges elaborated on their decision, ordering that the desegregation of schools take place with â€Å"all deliberate speed† (The National Archives). As news of the Court’s decision spread across America, as expected, people of the white race were extremely unhappy. Rather than doing as the Justices had ordered, most states simply refused to comply with their judgment. The years following proved to be a battle for the African American race. Brown v. Board of Education seemed to affect the race as whole rather than only the students who longed to attend equal schools. In Virginia, the Governor shut down all public schools in an attempt to avoid their desegregation. Instead of simply allowing the black children access, the state issued vouchers to white families so they could send their children to private schools, leaving the black children without any education at all. In Arkansas, the National Guard had to accompany several black students, whom we now recognize as The Little Rock Nine, on their walk into a newly desegregated school as white students verbally and physically abused them. To prolong the desegregation, states attempted to enforce a â€Å"freedom of choice theory†. By which black students had the option of attending any school they wanted in the district. Nevertheless, when parents sent their minority children to white schools, they were tortured by angry whites, who threatened them and even burnt crosses in their yards. The National Education Association estimates that in the decade following the landmark Supreme Court decision, nearly 38,000 black educators lost their jobs (The National Education Association). With the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, it seemed the minority had won the battle; unfortunately the war was far from over. What ensued following Brown v. Board of Education was one of the most imperative eras in the history of our country, what we now call the civil rights movement. The judges who ruled in the case could not have predicted the relevancy of their verdict, nor the outcome that would eventually come to pass. Brown v. Board of Education has proven to be a case that greatly impacted the lives of millions of African Americans and the freedoms that all people, despite their race, now experience every day. Works Cited The Brown Foundation, â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education: About the Case. † The Brown Foundation. 11 Apr 2004. The Brown Foundation. 29 Apr 2008 http://brownvboard. org/summary/. The National Archives, â€Å"Timeline of Events Leading to the Brown v. Board of Education Decision, 1954. † The National Archives. 2008. The Federal Government. 30 Apr 2008 http://www. archives. gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board/timeline. html. The National Education Association, â€Å"50th Anniversary, Brown v. Board of Education. † Public Schools for Every Child. 2008. The National Education Association. 30 Apr 2008 http://www. nea. org/brownvboard/index2. html#happenedsince. Patterson, James. Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and its Troubled Legacy. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. The United States Supreme Court, â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. â€Å" United States Reports 483 (1954) 486-496. 29 Apr 2008 http://brownvboard. org/research/options/34705483. htm. How to cite Brown v. Board of Education, Papers

Students Interest in Literature free essay sample

The purpose of my study is to see if students interest in literature increases if they see more characters that look like them in the text. Research Question: Are children more prone to choose a book with someone who looks like them on the cover? Will students read more if a teachers classroom library has more books they can relate to? Theoretical Background: Due to so much diversity in the classroom, a lot of children cannot relate to the characters in the story books. Most of the story books, science books, and social tidies book have the mainstream characters that look a lot different than the children reading the books. Does this difference prevent children from being interested in what is being read to them? This Information would have a lot to do with sociology and socio-cultural theory. Interest: I am interested in this topic because I teach a very diverse group of students. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Interest in Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being African American, I tend to purchase books with African Americans on the cover for my students, but my class population consists of Hispanic children, as well.I want to now how much my students interest level would increase if I purchased more Hispanic American books. Last year, I was given a classroom grant and I Increased my collection of books that were about African American boys. This is a category that Is also lacking. My reading scores sky rocketed with my African American males. They were interested in checking out a new book every week. The male students begin turning in their bi-weekly book reports. I would like to see If this would work the same for my Hispanic students. It Is not too difficult to get girls to read.My girls constantly have books, but they arent boy books. They are books with girls on the cover. You would rarely see one of my students read Diary of a Wimpy Kid since Dork Diaries was written. I had one of my reading groups read Drat, My Home Girl, which Is about a young African American girl. The boys looked at me In disbelief that I was making them read the book. I give my girls boy books all the time, even though they would prefer a book about a girl they will read It anyway. My boys will sometimes Just take a zero.I want to make my Hispanic students feel more welcomed and more proud of who they are and their culture. I would Like to know If I Increase Hispanic literature In my classroom will that help Hispanic students reading levels, comfort and performance In the classroom. Students Interest in Literature By Confrontations interested in what is being read to them? This information would have a lot to do Hispanic American books. Last year, I was given a classroom grant and I increased my collection of books that were about African American boys.This is a category that is ruining in their bi-weekly book reports. I would like to see if this would work the same for my Hispanic students. It is not too difficult to get girls to read. My girls constantly was written. I had one of my reading groups read Drift, My Home Girl, which is about a young African American girl. The boys looked at me in disbelief that I was making prefer a book about a girl they will read it anyway. My boys will sometimes Just take a who they are and their culture. I would like to know if I increase Hispanic literature in performance in the classroom.

Malignant Tumors free essay sample

This paper addresses and discusses various issues related to malignant brain tumors. The following paper explores several facets of malignant brain tumors including symptoms, treatment options and the financial impact. The writer uses several sources to explain the effects that a malignant brain tumor has on a person not just financially but physically and mentally as well. Everybody gets an occasional headache. They usually take an over the counter painkiller and the headache disappears. Now and again people get headaches that over the counter medication doesnt touch. They go to the doctor and find out they have migraines. While migraines can be difficult to manage they are not life threatening which is usually a great relief to the patient and their family. However, those who get frequent headaches still need to be evaluated by a medical professional. It is a mistake to assume it is migraine or stress related.

The case is about the Monetta Financial Services Company, an investment house Essay Example

The case is about the Monetta Financial Services Company, an investment house Essay Example The case is about the Monetta Financial Services Company, an investment house Essay The case is about the Monetta Financial Services Company, an investment house Essay The case is about the Monetta Financial Services Company, an investment house. The company has been charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of United States that it knowingly allocated hot IPOs to its own Directors and trustees instead of to its mutual fund clients. The case explains the process of issuing of the Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the United Statess capital market in addition to describing the critical role played by the investment bank or underwriters. The case highlights how the underwriters carry out the due diligence of the company, writes the prospectus and file the all important documents with the SEC. The case ends with the series of stock market data for IPOs in which Monetta participated and require the students to draft the brief for SEC enabling it to make a case against the company. Brief for SEC In order to draft a brief for the SEC that will help SEC to make its case against Monetta Financial Services, Inc. it is imperative to describe here the methodology and set of techniques that will be used to build the case. Two major arguments will be used to establish that Monetta willingly and knowingly distributed hot IPOs to its directors. These are mathematical / statistical arguments using standard descriptive statistics and legal arguments based on the SEC Act. Both arguments will hopefully proof beyond reasonable doubt that Monetta acted with ill faith and deceitful intent. Statistical Analysis To perform the statistical analysis we need to separate the IPOs that were allocated to Directors with the ones allocated to the Fund clients in order to show that IPOs allocated to Directors have higher returns with low risk as compared to IPOs allocated to Fund clients in addition to comparing these figures with the overall 50 IPOs in which Monetta participated. Using four data series i.e Ret-Close, Ret-Open, Flipping Ratio and Mid-to-Offer, we will calculate descriptive statistical figures for each set of IPOs (Directors and Fund clients). Return-to-Open Data Series The return-to-open is defined as the change in price of IPO from offering price to the opening day trade price. The higher percentage change from offering to open day trade price represents that IPO is hot. Using the statistical data in Exhibit 1, following can be inferred: * The IPOs allocated to directors have a mean 34.2% with a standard deviation (read: risk) of 16.7%. As compared to IPOs allocated to fund clients where the mean appreciation in the price is 22.7% with a standard deviation of 19.3%. It clearly indicates that IPOs allocated to directors have higher returns with low risk attached to them. * Similarly, minimum and maximum price appreciation for the IPOs allocated to directors was 12.5% and 68.8% respectively. While minimum and maximum price for IPOs allocated to fund clients were 0% and 69.4% that represents that the range is much wider for IPOs allocated to fund clients. * Comparing both percentages with the overall percentages shows that IPOs allocated to directors appreciates 9% more as compared to 3% for IPOs allocated to clients on day 1. * Other statistics such as sample variance and skewness also lead us to believe that Monetta allocated hot IPOs to its directors and cold IPOs to fund. Flipping Ratio Data Series The term Flipping ratio indicates block of 10,000 shares sold on the day 1 of IPOs trading. It reflects whether the investor consider the share to yield long-term gains. If the flipping ratio is low which means that the investor consider it best IPOs in terms of long-term investment. Based on this ratio and using the series of statistical analysis in Exhibit 2, we conclude that: * For the period in question, the average Flipping ratio was 19.0% for the IPOs allocated to director/both, 29.5% allocated to fund client, and 26.7% for all IPOs. * Another important measure that proves that Monetta allocated best IPOs to its directors is Median. The median for IPOs allocated to directors was 17.4% as compared to 24.3% for IPOs allocated to fund clients. The 17.4% is again lower in comparison with the median for all IPOs that were 23%. * This above data proves that well informed investors do not flip the hottest IPOs because on the average these are the best long-term investment. Mid-to-Offer Data Series The Mid-to-Offer is a good indicator for the hot IPOs. It highlights the change in IPOs issue price from the mid-point of the filing range to the offering price. The higher change in the percentage of Mid-to-Offer price from its initial filing range proves that shares are most likely to be above average performers in the secondary market trading. Based on the calculation as shown in Exhibit 3, we see that: * The Mid-to-Offer change for 13 IPOs allocated to directors was 21.9%, while for 37 IPOs allocated to fund clients the Mid-to-Offer change was 10.1%. Since the information of changes in Mid-to-Offer price is available before the trading of share begins, therefore any well informed investor can easily deduct the level of demand or in other word interest level of potential buyers. * The range (max and min) is especially a good measure to determine the Mid-to-Offer change. Looking at the ranges for IPOs allocated to director which was from 0% to 60% and IPOs allocated to fund clients which was -27.3% to 80, it is safe to conclude that Monetta knowingly allocated best IPOs to its directors because of the reason stated above. The change in the price for IPOs allocated to directors does not fall below 0%., while for 10 IPOs out of 37 IPOs allocated to fund clients the Mid-to-Offer price becomes negative. All of the above analysis leads us to believe that there is statistical significant inference that Monetta deliberately, willfully and consistently allocated IPOs that had, or appeared to have had, the highest probability of earning the best returns with the minimum possible risk. The management of Monetta knew well in advance about the chances of any particular IPO of giving highest return because of there knowledge about that IPO, since they attend all of the meetings organized by the underwriters to market their IPOs. Also, these statistics proves that there is a high probability that the result did not occur by chance. Similarly, individual analysis of Return-to-Open, and Flipping Ratio produce positively correlated results as shown in Exhibit 4. As shown the correlation for IPOs allocated is -0.675 as compared to -0.684 for IPOs allocated to clients. Legal Analysis The statistical analysis proved beyond doubt that Monetta distributed IPOs to its directors that were hot, therefore violated a number of SEC laws and its fiduciary responsibilities. The Monetta management was fiduciaries of the company. A fiduciary duty is a duty to act for someone elses benefit, while subordinating ones personal interests to that of the other person1. By deliberately and willfully allocating hot IPOs to its directors the management of Monetta did not upheld the highest standard of duty implied by law. More specifically, the Monetta management violated following SEC laws2: Section 17(a) of Securities Act and Section 10(b) of Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 Section 17(a) of Securities Act and Section 10(b) of Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 prohibits any person in the offer, purchase, and sale of any security in interstate commerce or by use of the mails: (1) to employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud, or (2) to obtain money of any untrue statement of material fact or any omission of a material fact necessary so as not to mislead, or (3) to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which would operate as fraud or deceit upon the purchase. The statistical analysis proves that Monetta willfully violated the antifraud provisions of the securities statutes because each knowingly or recklessly omitted to inform Fund shareholders and prospective shareholders of the conflict of interest caused by the allocation to the directors of hot IPOs by Monetta. Section 206 (1) and Section 206 (2) of the Advisors Act It also proved the Monetta willfully violated Section 206 (1) and Section (2) of the Advisors Act by not disclosing to the Funds, the Funds clients and possible investors the allocation of hot IPOs to certain directors. Assumptions The set of assumptions that I have made in establishing the case against Monetta is as follows: * The Monetta management attended all the presentations conducted by underwriters on behalf of its clients. * The Monetta knew special information such as subscription ratio for all the IPOs and deliberately did not disclose this information to its fund clients. * The Monetta management are composed of experienced professionals that can predict with relatively high accuracy when the opening trading price of an IPO in the secondary market likely will be greater that the offering price even before the issuing of IPO Exhibit 1 Open-to-Return Data Series IPOs (Directors/Both) Mean 0.342384615 Standard Error 0.046326951 Median 0.292 Standard Deviation 0.167034197 Sample Variance 0.027900423 Kurtosis 0.852885034 Skewness 1.186083281 Range 0.563 Minimum 0.125 Maximum 0.688 Count 13 IPOs IPOs (Fund Clients) Mean 0.227162162 Standard Error 0.031890967 Median 0.177 Standard Deviation 0.193985182 Sample Variance 0.037630251 Kurtosis -0.346461682 Skewness 0.745853834 Range 0.694 Minimum 0 Maximum 0.694 Count 37 IPOs IPOs (Overall) Mean 0.25712 Standard Error 0.027234517 Median 0.242 Standard Deviation 0.192577113 Sample Variance 0.037085944 Kurtosis -0.298852966 Skewness 0.632488126 Range 0.694 Minimum 0 Maximum 0.694 Count 50 Exhibit 2 Flipping Ratio Data Series IPOs (Directors/Both) Mean 0.190307692 Standard Error 0.01577989 Median 0.174 Standard Deviation 0.056895203 Sample Variance 0.003237064 Kurtosis 0.383093378 Skewness 0.17173002 Range 0.221 Minimum 0.081 Maximum 0.302 Count 13 IPOs IPOs (Fund Clients) Mean 0.295216216 Standard Error 0.02760873 Median 0.243 Standard Deviation 0.167937345 Sample Variance 0.028202952 Kurtosis 0.96144109 Skewness 1.165747672 Range 0.703 Minimum 0.085 Maximum 0.788 Count 37 IPOs IPOs (Overall) Mean 0.26794 Standard Error 0.021759603 Median 0.2305 Standard Deviation 0.15386363 Sample Variance 0.023674017 Kurtosis 2.143649271 Skewness 1.500169594 Range 0.707 Minimum 0.081 Maximum 0.788 Count 50 Exhibit 3 Mid-to-Offer Data Series IPOs (Directors/Both) Mean 21.9 Standard Error 4.429027213 Median 18.2 Standard Deviation 15.96908472 Sample Variance 255.0116667 Kurtosis 1.375573908 Skewness 1.058585971 Range 60 Minimum 0 Maximum 60 Count 13 IPOs (Fund Clients) Mean 10.11351351 Standard Error 3.405602085 Median 9.1 Standard Deviation 20.71546875 Sample Variance 429.1306456 Kurtosis 2.888275781 Skewness 1.22609158 Range 107.3 Minimum -27.3 Maximum 80 Count 37 IPOs (Overall) Mean 13.178 Standard Error 2.846068954 Median 11.2 Standard Deviation 20.12474657 Sample Variance 405.0054245 Kurtosis 1.920960104 Skewness 0.940388102 Range 107.3 Minimum -27.3 Maximum 80 Count 50 Exhibit 4 Correlation Coefficient for IPOs allocated to Directors/Both ISSUE PORTFOLIO Ret-Open Flipping Mid-Offer (%) Powersoft Director 0.688 0.081 33.3 Wall Data Both 0.25 0.186 33.3 Parallan Computer Both 0.125 0.302 9.1 BHC Financial Both 0.268 0.174 0 3DO Director 0.233 0.153 36.4 Catalyst Semiconductor Director 0.205 0.242 10 Auspex Systems Director 0.292 0.245 9.1 Papa Johns International Both 0.385 0.17 18.2 Sunglass Hut International Both 0.363 0.215 21.2 BroadBand Technologies Both 0.431 0.163 12.5 Cyrix Director 0.234 0.15 14.3 Wonderware Both 0.321 0.239 27.3 NetManage Both 0.656 0.154 60 Correlation Coefficient using the Return-to-Open and Flipping Data Series is as follows: =CORREL(Ret-Open, Flipping) returns -0.675. The negative signs show that there exists inverse relationship between appreciations of share price on day 1 with the amount of shares sold in the block of 10,000 termed as Flipping. Exhibit 5 Correlation Coefficient for IPOs allocated to Fund Clients ISSUE PORTFOLIO Ret-Open Flipping Mid-Offer (%) A Pea in the Pod Fund 0.021 0.561 -14.3 Actel Fund 0.184 0.229 0 Allied Holdings Fund 0.018 0.124 0 ANTEC Fund 0.333 0.232 20 Avid Technology Fund 0.25 0.2 25 Broadcasting Partners Fund 0.276 0.117 11.5 Cobra Golf Fund 0.524 0.228 10.5 Coca-Cola FEMSA Fund 0.098 0.273 13.9 Community Health Computing Fund 0.1 0.395 -9.1 Cornerstone Imaging Fund 0.318 0.149 18.9 CTL Credit Fund 0 0.424 0 Envirotest Systems Fund 0.078 0.407 6.7 Gupta Fund 0.694 0.13 80 HomeTown Buffet Fund 0.4 0.237 50 Inco Homes Corp Fund 0 0.607 -9.1 Intuit Fund 0.375 0.119 25 Key Technology Fund 0.056 0.434 -18.2 Kurzweil Applied Intelligence Fund 0.225 0.315 -9.1 The data provided here is truncated to save space. The figure below is for all 37 IPOs. Correlation Coefficient using the Return-to-Open and Flipping Data Series is as follows: =CORREL(Ret-Open, Flipping) returns -0.684. The negative signs show that there exists inverse relationship between appreciations of share price on day 1 with the amount of shares sold in the block of 10,000 termed as Flipping. 1 Securities and Exchange Commission of US website 2 Securities Regulation by David L. Ratner, 3rd Edition and SECLAW.com website

Deception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deception - Essay Example The ad partially raises doubts whether Obama is prepared for the presidency job hence the ad suggests that Obama has no leadership qualifications, he is more of rock star and he is seen not to be able (and ready) to lead (John McCain celebrity Ad – Feat. Paris Hilton, n.p). John McCain’s ad mocks the broad and undeniable appeal that Obama has won in his campaigns. The ad also tries to knock down Obama’s manifestos as it portrays them as pretty but empty words which will not be fulfilled. It also changes Barrack Obama’s manifesto to negative. The ad gives McCain a tremendous win as he is using Obama’s enormous appeal against himself. John McCain ad gives him great hope that the Americans will vote for the more familiar and less glamorous. The ad classifies the real barrack Obama as a cheat hence Obama campaigns is full of lies and that he cannot deliver what he is promising to the people and the promises he is making are strategies that he has planned so as to win the

Small business and risks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Small business and risks - Research Paper Example The cafà © prepares hearty and delicious breakfasts and lunch and offers authentic homemade Mexican food. North Boulder Cafà © is known for providing old-fashioned comfort and its menu is traditional and well situated for the discerning customer in the region. The menu includes a specialized range of coffees, burgers and Mexican dishes that are prepared by qualified chefs with an in-depth level of experience. North Boulder Cafà © is a family owned entity that competes with the major giants in the breakfast and coffee industry including Starbucks and others. North Boulder Cafà © is classified as a small business. Due to that, it has major capital structure needs and other marketing concerns. This puts the business in a major risk. However, the firm managed to thrive through difficult times and periods. This includes the credit crunch and other circumstances and it seem to be doing fairly well. It controls a very strict niche and this niche remains faithful to the firm. The sales approach includes the use of local marketing channels and media. However, the threats posed by larger entities in the industry are serious. This puts the firm in a major risk of folding up. In spite of this, it is apparent that with the careful research into the business environment, identification of real risks and formulation of solutions, North Boulder Cafà © is likely to survive and beat all the competition it faces. The research will involve an empirical study of the elements and aspects of the business environment of North Boulder Cafà © to ascertain risks and identify how these risks can be contained and dealt with. This will involve various tools of data collection and analysis to conduct an empirical research into the organization and identify solutions to the main problems and issues in the firm. The problem with North Boulder Cafà © is that the management might want to consider getting the franchise of a larger brand like

Case Analysis (Global Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case Analysis (Global Management) - Essay Example Instead of attempting to over-reach the company’s total capacity, seeking opportunities to maximize its current market position would be the most appropriate. Why is this? Chabros established a competitive pricing model that was aligned with an acceptable operating margin. Coupled with this competitive advantage, Chabros also maintained a quality-focused customer relationship management process that included flexible payment terms and no requests for letters of credit. This was a sustainable strategy until the global economic recession in 2009 which radically reduced sales in certain subsidiaries. As a proven business model of CRM and the ability to establish very competitive pricing in key markets, the business would only require adjustment of its current sales and marketing strategy to achieve the desired improvements in revenues. With the business always being at risk of changing currency values, market demand, and recessionary concerns, improving capacity would add more expenditures to the operating budget that would not, likely, offset gains by simply improving output capacity for its high revenue-producing production facilities. The most appropriate strategy for Chabros is to pursue a market penetration strategy to achieve its desired results. By maximizing capacity, increases in salaries and other associated labor would be highly detrimental to achieving market success. Chabros was considering entering the Moroccan market as a means of expanding its market presence, however there are factors that could seriously impede progress in finding rapid sales success there. Firstly, tariffs are extremely high on both products, especially veneer, which would have to translate into higher pricing in order to offset these new costs. Add to this a value-added tax rate of 14 percent, it is not likely that the same competitive advantages as related to pricing would work in this market when having to incur all of these

Javi Varas Football Analysis

Javi Varas Football Analysis Football Analysis Name of the player: Javi Varas Name of the activity: Football Position of the player: Goal Keeper Identify the essential skills/techniques needed for a participant in his position and the part of tactics: Football is one of the most famous sports all over the world. There are many positions in a football team which are: defenders, goalkeepers, midfielders and attackers. As for goalkeepers, they have to catch the ball well, dribble and pass the ball to other players. They also must jump and dive for the ball. In order to be a good goalkeeper, you must have balance, hand-eye coordination, strength and a strong mental focus. Here are the main skills of Javi Varas: Protection of the goal: Varaz is the last line of defense to prevent the other team from scoring. He can punch the ball, catch the ball or kick the ball back into play. The only player who can use his hands within the goal box is Varaz. His advanced teams place him well out of the goal when the offense of the team is on attack to provide an advantage in numbers compared to the opposing team. Coordination of the defense: Varaz is considered the eye and ear on the field and may often see things the coaches do not. He communicates with the defensive players and midfielders to place them in correct position and gives them instructions to change formation to prevent the oncoming attack of the other team. He also coordinates the defense during free kicks, corner kicks and goal kicks. More advanced players will understand and respect his role and follow his directions. Distribution of the ball: Varaz has an excellent view of the field of play and can change the field of play from one side to another. As an example, the ball can come to him from the right side of the field and he can kick it to the left side of the field. Changing the ball quickly from one side to another is important to move the ball past the opponents defense. He can also place the ball directly to the midfield with a drop kick so that the team is quickly prepared to attacking the other goal. His team uses him as a goalkeeper to distribute the ball to players ultimately dominate play and have more shots on goal. Explain in details the strengths and weaknesses of the player: The strength of the player: Speed: Varaz must be quick. He needs quick feet, quick hands, and a quick mind. Thats why he is able to get from a standing position to a laying position in less than a second. And back up again just as fast. He is able to block a speeding shot, and then another, then another, before the other players blink. He is able to redirect his entire body in a moment. Quickness is essential. Harshness: Varaz must be harsh. Falling to the ground, diving from side to side, sliding, colliding, and slamming into aggressive opponents are all a normal part of a game. Thats why he has to hit the ground more times throughout a match than any other player. And collisions with breakaway offenders hit the hardest. Jumping: All goalkeepers must be good jumpers. Varaz is able to cover the length of the goal in one dive, elevate his head above the crossbar, and rise up above the heads of all opponents. He also jumps during almost every save, especially when catching or clearing a corner kick. Thats why he must be strong. Determination: Varaz has long arms, large hands, a slender torso, and powerful legs, and he must be determined. Because he is determined, he never lets a ball hit the net. He is also determined as he never to hang his head. In addition, Varaz is determined as he must not be afraid. Finally, he is determined to always make the save and not to give up. Weaknesses: From the main weaknesses of Varaz are: Deflection: when Varaz makes a great save, he deflects the ball towards an oncoming player, giving the other team another chance to score. In other words, when Varaz catches the ball, he changes its direction causing the opponents from the other team to score. Slow reaction: the reaction of Varaz to low balls is slow, meaning that he will save shots that have a lift, but is less likely to save shots on the ground. In other words, Varaz is able to catch the ball if it is high. However, he loses the ball when it is thrown into him on a low level. Being short: For a keeper, he is very short. This means that he relies on his reaction time a lot, which is average, so his height certainly restricts him. In other words, sometimes the ball can be very high and thats why Varaz is not able to catch it leading to its entrance in the goal and the scoring of the opponent team. Therefore, Varaz must be provided with the right training in order to improve his performance and become a better goalkeeper. How to improve his strength: In order to be able to develop his strength, Varaz has to: Focus: Varaz must be focused during the game even if the ball is far away from him 18 yard box. Many goalkeepers start to focus when the ball is near the 18 yard box which is a bad routine. Watch the ball carefully: Varaz must not look for his opponents. Instead, he must look for the ball. His main mission as a goalkeeper is to save shoots from his opponents. However, he should also keep in mind that he will need to leave your 18 yard box sometimes to clear the ball. This will generally be a must at least once per game. He must therefore be prepared on this one and he cannot hold back. Instead he needs to fulfill the run with determination. Be quick: Varaz must not stay on the line and wait for his opponent. What he should do is to run at his opponent and stretch his body to make himself big. By doing this, his opponent will need to react faster which will lead to mistakes from their side. They will need to make quicker decisions which will lead to more mistakes. Have confidence: Varaz must have confidence in himself. This one is one of the most important things for a goalkeeper and without that his performance will not be any good. He must encourage himself and doesnt let a mistake discourage him. Instead, he has to analyze what he has done wrong and try not to repeat the same mistake in the next game. Finally, he must keep in mind that he cant play soccer without making mistakes. The mistakes are a part of the game. Improve of weaknesses: In order for Varaz to improve his weaknesses, he has to: Learn how to warm up well: that depends on the knee in the first place and then the rest of the body. Learn how not to be afraid of the ball: Varaz must throw himself on the floor to catch the ball before the players puts his foot on it. Learn how to jump: Varaz has to leap towards the ball with a distance of at least one meter in order to hold it perfectly. Look at the ball itself and not the player: he must focus on the ball and not on the attacker who kicks the ball. Practice jumping: north and south to catch the ball and that by depending on one of the foot and not on both of them so that he could jump for a long distance. Learn how to stretch the body: especially during high balls or corner balls. He also has to do whatever it takes to catch the ball before any opponent does. Put his foot behind him: in case the ball is low and strong as his foot helps him to block the ball from entering into the goal net. Be bold: while attracting the attention of his team in order not to do any mistakes. He also must know that he is the best one to catch balls of fouls. He also must organize the line of defenders consisted of his team and he is the one who gives the orders to the players to be ready for any kind of a ball. By following these instructions, Varaz would be able to improve both his strengths and weaknesses as well as improving the performance of his whole team. Factors affecting performance: There are many factors that could affect the performance of Varaz. These elements are: Physiological: Because Varaz is short, this could affect his performance as a goalkeeper. In other words, Varaz cant be able to catch balls especially if they are high. In addition, he can be blocked easily while he is trying to catch the ball. In addition, Varaz doesnt have a strong body or strong muscles and this could be an obstacle while he is trying to block his opponents from kicking the ball. Besides, he still doesnt have the required experience in order to be an amazing goalkeeper like the famous goalies. Psychological: The psychological element can be identified in the idea that Varaz has a self-confidence issue. In other words, he begins to feel intimidated by the opponents and this could lead to his disability to do his job well. He also becomes depressed quickly. Thats why when he fails to block a certain ball, he believes that his team is going to lose the match and that he will continue his failure till the end of the match. Finally, he gets nervous very quickly and thats why his reactions could cause him problems with other players of his team or with the opponents. Social factors: one of the best traits in the personality of Varaz and that affect his performance as a goalkeeper is; when he becomes motivated and enthusiastic to play well, he transfers this enthusiasm and cheerfulness to the players in his team. This leads to pushing the players to do their best in order to score and leads to pushing Varaz himself to do whatever it takes to prevent the other team from scoring. However, when Varaz gets unmotivated, he also transfers this negative energy to his players and causes them depression which could lead to their bad performance while playing the game. Training program: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1-3 weeks Quickness Jumping 4-7 weeks Quickness Jumping Quickness 8-13 weeks Quickness Quickness Jumping Jumping This table has been created following the SPORT principles: Specificity: This table was created to improve the skills of Varaz related to jumping and quickness. Thats why he must improve his performance in order to catch the ball quickly and focus on the ball itself instead of focusing on the player who kicks the ball. This training also will help Varaz to jump high in order to prevent the problems that leads to his disability to catch high balls. Progression: We started the first four weeks with quickness and jumping training and activities on Thursday and Friday. In addition, during the last five weeks, there will be four sessions that include two quickness activities and two jumping activities. This means that we are moving forward to increase the number of sessions one by one to cause regular improvement. Overload: Week after week, the number of sessions will be increased. This will cause load on Varaz but he must do these trainings and activities to be able to become one of the best goalkeepers all over the world. The time of each session will be raised by 15 minutes. Reversibility: Varaz doesnt suffer from any kind of injury or broken arms or foot. However, if he starts to feel pain in any organ, the training will be stopped till he becomes better. This is because; if we push him to do more than he can, he will be very depressed quickly and this could lead to the lack of his skills instead of improving them. Tedium: In order not to make Varaz feel demotivated or depressed, we will offer him times of breaks and provide him with snacks as well as means of entertainment. This will help him to feel better and not to be tired a lot. For example, we will offer him television so that he could watch it or a free time in which he can do any activity he likes. This table has been created following the FITT principle: Frequency: Varaz will have two sessions on the first three weeks: one for jumping and one for quickness. During the second period, the sessions will be increased to reach three sessions: two quickness trainings and one jumping. Finally, the sessions will reach four and will involve: two jumping trainings and two quickness activities. Intensity: In order for Varaz to improve his performance, he has to put his one hundred percent skills in the jumping training since he is short and half of his power in the quickness training. Time: the sessions during the first period were about thirty minutes. Later, we started to increase the timing of sessions by fifteen minutes so that the whole time of each session will be 45 minutes. Type: jumping so that he can catch high balls and quickness to catch the balls quickly and prevent the other team from scoring. References: 10 Awesome Tips for Soccer Goalies. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2017, from soccer training guide: http://www.soccer-training-guide.com/soccer-goalkeeper.html#.WKnE4dJ97cd Mawdoo3. (2015). how to be an excellent goalkeeper. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from mawdoo3.com: http://mawdoo3.com/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2 Rizzardo, J. (n.d.). The Roles Responsibilities of the Goalkeeper in Soccer. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from ehow: http://www.ehow.com/info_12114108_roles-responsibilities-goalkeeper-soccer.html Soccer-Universe. (2013). Goalkeeping. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from soccer universe.com: http://www.soccer-universe.com/goalkeeping.html United States players profiled, strengths and weaknesses. (2014). Retrieved February 19, 2017, from bayern central: http://www.bayerncentral.com/2014/06/united-states-players-profiled-strengths-weaknesses/

Neil Armstrong Essay -- essays research papers

Neil Armstrong Background Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio in the year 1930. His services as a pilot were called upon during the Korean War. Shortly after graduating from Purdue University in 1955, Armstrong joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, then known as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. At the time the functions of the N.A.C. were to plan, direct, and conduct all United States aeronautical and space activities, except for those that were primarily military. Armstrong served as a civilian test pilot at Edwards Air Base in Lancaster, California. In 1962 Armstrong became the first civilian to enter the astronaut-training program. Gemini VII Mission   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In March of 1966, Armstrong completed his training and became the command pilot of the Gemini 8 mission. The crew of this mission was made up of David R. Scott and himself. In case of any emergencies with the two men before the launch, either physical or mental, a backup crew was made. The backup crew consisted of Charles Conrad Junior, and Richard Gordon Junior. The objectives of the mission were:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. (Main) Rendezvous and dock with Gemini Agena target vehicle (GATV) and conduct EVA operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. (Secondary) Rendezvous and dock in the 4th revolution. Perform docked-vehicle maneuvers, Evaluate systems and conduct 10 experiments. The mission was set to launch on March 15, 1966. Due to mino...

Grammar translation method Essay

Both the grammar translation method and communicative language teaching are teaching methods for acquiring a foreign language. Whereas the grammar translation method focuses on the translation of certain grammar rules and the translation of vocabulary, the communicative approach aims for acquiring the skill of communication for the learner Scrivener (2011). Both methods are effective in their own way, although the communicative approach focuses on the actual goal of language, namely communication between human beings. In this essay the grammar translation method and the communicative approach will be compared and contrasted, laying special emphasis on the assertion that the communicative approach is more effective for the learning and understanding of a foreign language than the grammar translation method. First of all, a remarkable difference in language usage is noticeable when comparing the two methods. While the grammar translation method exclusively uses the learner’s mother tongue, the communicative approach uses nothing else but the actual target language. With the use of the mother tongue, it is easier to understand grammar and meaning of words. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This is a required skill to decipher written texts. When only using the foreign language, the level of oral communication increases. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). To find out which of both outcomes has a bigger value, it needs to be clear what the original goal of language is. Communicating is a required skill to survive. Oral communication is something that dates from the origin of the human kind. The invention of written language is a lot more recent. (Bright, W. (n.d). This proves that language is originally used for communication. Given this point, there can be concluded that the outcome of the communicative approach has bigger value to language’s actual goal.  In contrast, a really attractive feature on th e grammar translation method is its easily understandable explanation of grammar, words and phrases. Because of the fact that all the explanation happens in the mother tongue, it is easy for the learner to understand what is being said. Also, learners acquire a better capacity of understanding synonyms in the foreign language, due to the fact that they have already learned the meaning. Secondly, the communication between teacher and learner is flawless. Since the teacher and the learner speak the same language, the teacher can easily verify whether the pupils have learned what is just explained. (Fitriyanti, R. (2011).  Within the communicative approach, the communication between student and teacher is a lot more difficult and tedious in the beginning, which has to do with the use of target language only. However, the communication between teacher and learner is from much more value as the learner becomes more familiar with the foreign language (Abradi, C. (n.d). Because of goal aimed teaching in communicative language teaching, the communicative competence improves quickly (this will be explained later). What this says is that the tedious communication at the beginning can better be seen as a learning moment, rather than a disadvantage. Thirdly, in both methods there is a completely different way of acquiring skills. With the grammar translation method the students are supposed to learn the rules about the target language when sitting down and listening to their teacher. Grammar structures are explained and vocabulary is taught through word lists with a translation. The learner’s practice to apply what they’ve learned exists out of exercises where the learner needs to translate sentences or texts from the native to the target language and the other way around. (Rahlmi, M. (2009). Thus, this is a rather passive way of learning. The communicative language teaching lessons are quite different. These lessons contain meaningful activities in which the learner is required to interact. The activities are based on the interest of the learner to boost learning motivation. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). So, whereas the grammar translation method is rather passive, communicative language teaching is quite active. Passive learning is not really effective for the learner. (Ebbens, S (2013) states that a much better result of learning is caused by (inter)active practice. To go on, the teacher’s role is quite different in both methods. With the grammar translation method, the teacher is basically the guide for the learning process. The method is teacher centred, which means that the class focuses just on the explanation of the teacher. The role of the teacher here is to provide information to the students (Fitriyanti, R. (2011). â€Å"Teachers in communicative classrooms will find themselves talking less and listening more–becoming active facilitators of their students’ learning (Larsen-Freeman, 1986)† The communicative approach is a student centred method. Although the teacher sets up the exercise, it is the learner’s performance which fills up most of the lesson (Orellana. (2007). The  learning process is less effective when the teacher does most work in the classroom (teacher centred method) instead of the students doing most work in the classroom. (student centred method) (Ebbens, S (2013). A fifth issue, on which the two methods can be compared and contrasted on, is its historical background. The fact that learners of the grammar translation method are not able to produce comprehensive output in the form of oral communication, became evident in the years 1939 until 1945 (World War II) when the grammar translation method was not teaching students the foreign language effectively enough to communicate with allies or to understand the communications of the enemy, which was required to survive. When this occurred, a new approach appeared known as the audio lingual method which was based on structuralism and (The Grammar-Translation Method, n.d,). In 1957 the audio lingual method was criticised by the prominent linguist Noam Chomsky for its inability to teach learners to creatively apply language (Rhalmi, M. (2009). Partly because of this criticism, during the 60s of the 20th century, commutative language teaching was introduced in the classroom. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This states that communicative language teaching was invented as a reaction on an alternative method for the grammar translation method. Thus, the communicative approach is actually already a more modern and adapted method of teaching the core goal language has. To summarise the main points mentioned in this essay; The difference of language usage in both methods, the advantage in language usage of both methods, the way of acquiring skills in both methods, the teacher and students role, and the historical background of both methods. These points given, I can conclude that the communicative approach of teaching a language is more effective to teach the learner language’s original goal, communication, than the grammar translation method. Although, if one is talking about comprehensive output in the form of letters and/or written text translations, the grammar translation method is superior to the communicative approach. Bibliography Rhalmi, M. (2009). Communicative Language Teaching (The Communicative Approach). Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-language-teaching-communicative-approach/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Bright, W. (n.d). What’s the Difference between Speech and Writing?.Available: http://www.linguisticsociety.org//resource/whats-difference-between-speech-and-writing. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Rahlmi, M. (2009). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Fitriyanti, R. (2011). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://novaekasari09.wordpress.com/2011/06/12/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Abradi, C. (n.d). Advantages and disadvantages of communicative language teaching. Available: https://www.academia.edu/4743392/Communicative_Language_Teaching_theories_lesson_plan_and_application. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Orellana. (2007). The Communicative Approach in English as a Foreign Language Teaching Leer mà ¡s: http://www.monografias.c om/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how#ixzz33uLe7fXe.Available: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how. Last accessed 07/06/2014. The Grammar-Translation Method. (n.d). Available: http://hlr.byu.edu/methods/content/text/grammar-text.htm. Last accessed 02/06/2014. Scrivener (2011). Learning Teaching. 3rd ed. Londen: Macmillian. 31-32. Ebbens, S (2013). Effectief leren. Houten: Noordhoff uitgevers.

The eNotes Blog The Only Power You Have is the Power to Discriminate Robert Crumb OnWriters

The Only Power You Have is the Power to Discriminate Robert Crumb OnWriters Robert Crumb, or R. Crumb, as he is widely known,   was the founder and undisputed leader of the Underground comix movement, a collection of rogue artists whose critical and subversive views often satirized American culture in the 1960s and 1970s. One of the elements that makes Crumbs work so compelling is that he knows what he is skewering. The man was, and is, widely read and has a rich background in all of the arts, including, but certainly not limited to, artists, both comic and traditional, and writers, both famous and infamous. Though deeply troubled and eccentric, (to say the least), Crumbs observations are often interesting and worthy of consideration. Here is what he has had to say about writers: Mark Twain: I think he was a good commentator on the late 19th century. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn don’t do that much for me. But his later stuff, he gets more cranky as he gets older. His critique gets more interesting. When I was 15, I read What Is Man? and it made a profound impression on me. It changed my life. It’s all about predestination versus freewill. He was a big believer in predestination. He didn’t think we had any free will. And he puts down religion and everything. I was, at that time, still a Catholic believer when I read that. My brother Charles and I found that book on the floor in an abandoned house along with some other moldy books. So I took it home and read it. Afterward, I told my aunt about it. She was a strong Catholic the whole family was Catholic no one ever questioned anything. So I told my aunt about it and she said, Oh, can I read that? That sounds interesting. So I lent it to her and about a week later she was over at our house and she s aid, You know that book you lent me? I burned it. [laughs] So that’s my experience with Mark Twain. Charles Bukowski Yeah, when he was in social situations, he desperately  wanted to numb himself with alcohol. He was very uncomfortable around people; a very solitary guy basically. He wanted to get laid and all that but [starts laughing] The last time I saw Bukowski, he came to this party in San Francisco, it was a poetry reading. And these two women that I knew (Susan and Jane, I actually did a comic strip about them,) they just kind of closed in on Bukowski. One was talking to him in one ear and the other was talking to him in his other ear. He was standing there with a beer bottle in each hand and getting drunk as fast as he could. And the last moment I saw him, they were leading him off to the bedroom. That’s the last time I ever saw Bukowski. William Burroughs I love Burroughs also; a great writer. But his best writing is his straight-ahead prose. He wrote all this crazy fantasy stuff, which I think he was encouraged to do by this other beatnik writer, Brian Gyson, who, for some reason Burroughs admired. Gyson was, I think, a jive-ass, bullshit kind of guy. Burroughs, I think he lacked confidence in his own writing, because when he wrote straight prose it didn’t sell well. When he wrote  Junkie, and that came out, it didn’t sell well in the beginning. And then he wrote this other book, Queer, around the same time in the early ’50s and he couldn’t even get that published. That wasn’t published until the 1980s. And  Queer  is a great book. Both Junkie and Queer are great. They’re both written in this very dry, prose style. And his little thin book called the Yage Letters, which were letters he wrote back to Allen Ginsburg while he was in South America looking for this psychedelic Yage plant. Th at’s a great book; great stuff. But the problem is, there’s not enough of that, not enough of his straight-ahead prose. He just didn’t think it was any good because he either couldn’t get it published or it didn’t sell. So then he wrote this gimmicky thing called Naked Lunch, which is mostly fantasy stuff and not very interesting to me, and that sold well. He made his reputation on Naked Lunch. Anne Frank I never actually read the Diary of Anne Frank, but I visited her house in Amsterdam. It was interesting. On the wall of her attic room where she lived there’s still these pictures of movies stars of that period taped to the wall, movie stars that she was romantic about. That was the thing that touched me the most, that you saw this typical, young girl of the time with these glamour-boy photos taped to the wall in her room. Yet, you know, just because she was Jewish, they took her away. Humans can be cold-blooded that way. And on a large scale. In fact, it’s easier to be collectively cold-blooded. That removes one from individual responsibility. ‘Just doing my job, taking this harmless young girl away, putting her on the train to Auschwitz. It’s just a job, but, hey, it’s a noble cause, cleansing our country of these defective creatures. They have no morality, these Jews. They are a malignant virus in our nation. Our leaders have told us so. We know i t to be true.' Edgar Allan Poe I’ve never spent much time reading his stuff. But he was an interesting character. My brother Charles used to love his stuff. When he would get drunk, that was one of the authors he would recite.   [Overly dramatic reciting voice] I think it was his eye. Yes it was this, he had the eye of a vulture. My brother Maxon did an illustrated publication of Edgar Allan Poe. He likes Poe also. For more on Crumbs take on other artists, musicians, politicians, and more, visit the website Crumb on Crumb. Crumb himself appears in a fascinating 1994 documentary about his life. If all you know of Crumb is Fritz the Cat or Mr. Natural, check it out.

new immigrants to Hong Kong essays

new immigrants to Hong Kong essays Many Hong Kong people think that new immigrants to Hong Kong from China cause a lot of problems; however, the newcomers themselves may have their own difficulties. These problems, if not properly managed, will probably bring about more chaos to the society. This essay will first describe these problems in four aspects, i.e., language, job opportunities, education and social life. It will then go on to suggest some solutions to those problems. The differences between mainland China education and Hong Kong education is an additional problem apart from the two problems mentioned above. New students from China need to pay a lot of efforts to in learning. In mainland China, most schools use Mandarin as the medium of instruction, but in Hong Kong, the teaching language is generally English, especially in senior forms. They have to study English wholeheartedly in order to catch up with other classmates whose English standard is well higher than them. They also have to make extra efforts on listening and speaking Cantonese so as to understand what teachers and classmates say during lessons. This can help them make friends in their leisure time. Schools ought to provide trainings to teachers learning how to teach the newcomers from China Cantonese as well as let them know the Hong Kong syllabus of study. Extra lessons on English and English guidance team could help them learn English in a more concentrated way. Midway schools should be set up to let those new boys and girls enroll the intensive classes on English and Cantonese before going to schools to study. This essay has discussed the challenges faced by the new immigrants to Hong Kong from China. Those problems refer not only to accustoming the new way of living, but also to learning the way to get along with others. The essay also proposes some suggestions to those problems to help them create a meaningful life in Hong Kong. ...

Marketing tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing tools - Essay Example In this regard, the analysis focuses on a wireless mini Hair dryer market, competitive environment and the costs involved. This can only be achieved by continuous surveys of the product competitors’ actions in this market. Under an inventor’s strategic marketing plan/approach, it will continuously monitor potential benefits/opportunities offered by the new line of products/a wireless mini Hair dryer to ascertain its financial viability ((Errigo & Zempol 2011, p. 64). Ansoff’s Model In order to meet the above objectives, Knowledge Store can use the Ansoff’s matrix / model to make decisions regarding a wireless mini hair dryer marketing growth strategy. It will used to ascertain strategic priorities regarding the launch of this new product line to attract more customers, expand the existing market share and to increase sales revenue earnings (Errigo & Zempol 2011, p. 72). It helps in creating a logical platform on which the above objectives are developed, fo llowing different mix categories shown in the diagram below. Fig. 1.0: Ansoff’s Model Moreover, Ansoff’s matrix is employed to determine a wireless mini hair dryer marketing strategies that will help in meeting the objectives of increasing the customer base and market share. This will be facilitated by the use of internet services, which reach more customers segments in different geographic markets across the globe. SWOT Analysis of an inventor’s company An inventor SWOT can be analyzed in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as outlined in the following table. STRENGTHS 1. A company operates many stores across the globe, thus present in the global market. 2. Strong control over its distribution channels. 3. An inventor’s product has a strong brand identity/name. 4. Its diversification strategy has larger brands portfolio. 5. Expansive market product line. WEAKNESSES 1. Weak financial health caused by higher debts and decline in pro fitability margin. 2. Unstable management caused by family conflicts of interest. 3. Weaker brands portfolio from some items sold by an inventor. 4. Limited target customers, especially the professionals. 5. The prices of an inventor product are relatively higher. OPPORTUNITIES 1. An inventor has a higher market growth potential in other areas, especially in the UK and USA. 2. A company is capable of consolidating other brands for the establishment of a stronger competitive advantage in various segments. 3. Presence of e-marketing/e-commerce makes it possible for an inventor to carry out online transactions. 4. Presence of multi-media technology developments for marketing/advertising. THREATS 1. A company currently faces stiffer competition from other market players in a company, which are companies that offer medium brands that are capable of advancing towards the premium brands such. 2. An inventor is facing the threat of takeover that is likely to affect its capital ownership in a company. 3. Presence of both local political shakeups and economic slowdown. 4. Fake company’s products. PESTEL Analysis of an inventor’s company/business There are various factors that would affect the decision making processes. The PESTEL analysis technique has been used in an effort to analyze some of these factors. The PESTEL model usually covers the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that are likely to influence the decision maki

Three useful knots for camping (demonstrate) Essay

Three useful knots for camping (demonstrate) - Essay Example An example of shoe laces can be taken here when the laces are crossed against each other. Similarly another overhand knot is tied to put the left end of the rope over and under the right one. The ropes are pulled together to form a square knot afterwards (Filip 2013). Clove Hitch is another knot which is used to hold objects to where they are required. The object to be roped is first taken and the rope is passed beneath it to give it a wrap. The rope is then crossed for a second time to give the second wrap in the form of an X so that both the wraps leap each other. After that a third wrap is given and the end of the rope is put in between of the X. Both the ends are then pulled to give a Clove Hitch (Filip 2013). The last know is known as Bowline and is very helpful for the campers and mountaineers. The rope is first taken and a loop is made by the rope itself. The rope end is then put through the loop and then put again in the loop to align with the main end. The rope is then pulled to give a tight knot known as Bowline (Filip 2013). Tkaczyk, Filip. "Camping Knots for Wilderness Survival."Â  Wilderness Survival School | Alderleaf Wilderness College - Survival Courses. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.

Ethics in Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in - Research Proposal Example And that the participants should have the choice to withdraw from the research. And most importantly the participants should have the opportunity to give voluntary, informed consent to whether they want to participate in the investigations. Immediately after World War II a consensus emerged about the ethical principles that should be followed in any research. One of the reasons for this was the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial that followed World War II brought to the notice of the public how scientists in Germany had used prisoners as subjects in experiments that were often gruesome. Such disclosures necessitated a reexamination of ethical standards. There emerged a consensus that human beings and animals must be protected from being used as guinea pigs. Contemporary medical and social research today requires that issues such as anonymity, privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment and protection from discomfort and harm that arise while participating in a research program are taken care of. Many regulations have been put forth by establishments to protect the rights of the research participants. Some of them are outlined by William M.K. Trochim (2006) 2. The principle of informed consent which requires that the participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in the research and must give their consent to participate in the research. 4. Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. They must be assured that the information gathered from them will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the research. Several reasons can be put forth to stress the importance of ethics in research. Ethics promote the aims of research like truth, knowledge and avoidance of error. For instance when you bar fabricating and falsifying of records or misrepresenting research data you are promoting truth. You are less likely to make errors. Research

Marital status Essay Example for Free

Marital status Essay Q : I’l like some personal information first Mr. Wee. Do you mind telling me your age? A : Thank you for the opportunity and it is a great privilege to attend interview session. Have just entered 49th year giving a caution that it is time for another elevation in employment as the ageing process has just begun and it must work advantageously to derive further benefits both in terms of work which has a great experience in the past in profession and in building personal reputation as a designer. Began fashion designing career as a fresh diploma holder at the age of 23 and several phases of work have molded me into a professional fashion designer providing with both easy and complex formulas of work leaving a lasting experiences in fashion designing. So far, there were no regrets for choosing this career whereas have received much encouragement and cooperation from the place of work both from subordinates as well as from senior management and feel proud of being a part of this industry. Q: And are you a Malaysia citizen? A: Correct. In Asia, Malaysia has a great significance for its efficiency in airlines promoting Malaysia as a tourist destination all around the world. Malaysians are different in culture, life style and in choosing garments. Malaysian young men and women look beautiful and even attend beauty pageants at international level. Malaysian cuisine is specially flavored and particularly maintains usage of ancient herbs and practices some of the best methods of modernized cooking system which is liked by tourists. Garments designing is also very special such that a Malaysian can be identified with the kind of dressing one wears and sometimes even in speech. Malaysians are cordial and mannered and extend warm behavior in work environment. Q: And could you tell me your marital status, please? A: Married to an educated and a beautiful woman working in a Hyatt international as catering manager. My wife name is Micheele Yeoh who is a good manager and a good wife apart from being a very nice human being that she agreed to adopt an infant orphan boy at the age of one month in the year 1990. We have named the boy as Wu Zong and as couple since then, leading a happy marital life with Wu Zong who is now 17 yrs old and studying in junior medicine. As husband and wife, respect each other values and discipline and keep the marriage relation intact without giving rise to differences of opinion. In other words, have developed a perfect understanding about each other and it is going well in spite of the fact that, we could not become parents of our own children. Q: That’s fine. And what about your personal interests? A: After choosing fashion designing as a career, this has become round the clock personal interest checking and looking for new styles, patterns wherever traveled and even in leisure hours draw sketches and work out on new fabrics. Apart from this, cooking along with my wife, has been one of the good interest that holds our relation together and also provides entertainment of new experiments in kitchen chemistry. Leisure hours include gardening work, reading magazines and watching television fashion show channel where lots of international fashion designers display a set of modeled dresses on a catwalk. Q: And do you mind telling me what languages you speak? A: English and French have been favorites for working atmosphere and even when visiting some of the western destinations for handling projects on behalf of company. Have gained proficiency in English and French although, pronunciation identifies me as a Malaysian. Most of family friends and colleagues are French and English speaking who extended a warm friendship in providing lots of practice of speaking and writing English and French way back in 1990s and in the course of time presently, find English and French much easier as compared to any other foreign language. Cantonese is spoken in Southern China and this language is confined to only to some parts of Asia, so as a home language speaking Cantonese is also an advantage as it is mostly commonly spoken in China, Hong Kong and Central Guangdong. 2. Q: Now could you tell me what secondary school you went to Mr. Wee? A: St. Francies Xavier at Melaka is one of the best schools for secondary education wherein had the privilege to study some of the best subjects and languages which have helped in establishment of career as fashion designer. School imparted and exercised discipline and shaping students character as one of the finest individuals reflecting in school’s reputation. Feel proud to be an ex-student of the school and have joined my son also in the same school who has also successfully completed education. School atmosphere is very lively and keeps the students under warmth and reciprocal nature. Q: Did you? And when did you sit for your SPM? A: Obtained Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)certificate in the year 1976. SPM exam is taken at the age of 17 by most of the Malaysians. This exam is equivalent to British GCSE exam which will an opportunity for Malaysians to continue studies up to pre-university level. The subjects of SPM are to be appeared compulsorily and English paper is examined separately by National Examination Board. There were no extra tuitions for preparation of SPM and it was entirely self-made learning apart from school education. Q :Do you mind telling me your grades? A :Grades in school and in college education have been moderate ranging from A and B with a percentage of 60-69 gladly and there are no backlogs or failures in any subject. A constant scoring has been maintained all through the tenure of education. Q Fine. And what about your STPM examinations? What were your grades for these? A: Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM) is a higher school certificate is set by Malaysian Examinations Council which is taken at the end of Form 6 and one of the most difficult pre-university examination. The subjects included were mathematics, general paper, art, biology, physics and chemistry. The overall grade awarded to me was B at the end of examination which was satisfactory giving a marks percentage of 60. In the year 1977 obtained certificate of STPM.

The Crucible A.P. Book Report

The Crucible A.P. Book Report The Crucible A.P. Book Report 1. The Crucible 2. Arthur Miller, 1950s 3. America, California 4. John Proctor Honorable and rational, he is the â€Å"leader† of the few sane people of Salem. Although plagued by his affair with Abigail, the biased and foolish leaders of the church, and the underhanded intentions of his fellow neighbors, he still somehow is able to remain in our minds as a respectable man that stood honest until the end. Abigail Williams Masterfully deceitful and envious, she is the main cause of the Salem witch trials. Originally fueled by lust for John Proctor, she is forced to victimize the entire village after weaving too thick a web of deceit about her affair. Judge Danforth Self-Righteous and stiff, Judge Danforth is the towering character that believes in the churchs, and his own, holiness. He judges the Salem trials somewhat sensibly, but his stubbornness in Puritan values blinds him towards the ulterior motives of many Salem inhabitants. Reverend Parris Scornful and pathetic, Parris is a deplorable minister that cares only about his image. He discover Abigail flagrantly disobeying his orders, but tries to keep her deeds secret, in fear for his reputation. Elizabeth Proctor (minor) Wise and forgiving, Elizabeth is a modest woman that has quietly lived with John, even through his affair. Although she doesnt appear joyful or happy, she is never blinded by Salems uproar and easily shines as a moral character through the harsh times. Reverend John Hale (minor) Overconfident but sensible, Reverend John Hale is a character that majorly develops as the novel progresses. He first shows up as a brash reverend ready to fight witchcraft, but develops into a humble and sensible man that realizes the calamity in Salem. He is one of Johns few allies, and is wrecked with guilt after the trials are over. 5. Salem, Massachusetts (Village) John Proctors House: Although located somewhat outside of Salem, it doesnt take long for the craze to reach his house. The mood in the house is dreary and stiff, since an air of mistrust pervades the roms. Hale originally comes here to examine the Proctors family, but comes to believe in Johns cause after the injustice done to Elizabeth. Salem Meeting House: Forbidding and ominous, the meeting house turned courtroom is the center stage for the witch trials. Poorly made walls and simple furniture make up the room, and this creates awkward tension for the reader and the accused. All accused â€Å"witches† are condemned here by Judge Danforth, with Abigail leading her deceitful group. Parriss House: Originally clean and white, this place soon houses the horrible misdeeds of the Salem Witch craze. Betty was originally confined to her bed here with a mild sickness, but certain accusations against her, paired with Titubas confession and Abigails quick plot, turned this house into the spawning point for the witch hunt. 6. In the village of Salem, Betty Parris is stricken with a disease after secretly dancing in the woods with the village girls. The townspeople bring in Reverand Hale, a witch craft expert, and he accuses the leaders of the girls, Abigail and Tituba, of complying with the devil. However, the girls claim they were possessed, and blame random member of the village to reinforce their confession. The Salem Witch hunt officially starts. In a house far outside Salem, John and Elizabeth Proctor converse over marriage issues. Soon after, Hale comes to question the Proctors, but instead learns from John of Abigails deceit and intention. The marshals then arrive, and bring a warrant for Elizabeths arrest on account of being a witch. Though they have little evidence and Hales disapproval, the marshals take her anyways. Proctor, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, and Francis Nurse storm into the court and demand for the release of their wives. Marry Warren, originally part of Abigails group, confesses that everything is a lie. Proctor brings more evidence, claiming that Abigail is a whore that wishes to see his wife dead, and that his wife knew all about the affair. Judge Danforth gives a series of tests to Proctor to confirm this, bringing in Elizabeth to confirm the statement. She denies it to save Proctors dignity and both are jailed, ultimately due for the gallows. The seasons change, and Abigail has run away from Salem. John is given a chance to live by signing a confession, but tears it up when he learns it must be shown to the public and ruin his name. At the end, he is sent to the gallows. 7. Religious Extremism/Intolerance: Although superstition and religious values sparked the ideas of witchcraft around the town, it was intolerance and Puritan extremism that truly set the fire ablaze. Basically, anything against Puritan values was stricken down as devil-worship. Ironically, the only reason the Salem Trials became believable was because of Hales relentless push for a confession between Tibuta and Abagail, and Judge Danforths one-track mind against the proclaimed â€Å"witches.† Accountability and Hidden Agendas: In a culture founded on strict standards and uptight morals, it was inevitable that private transgressions would form. The Crucible documents a time in which all sins were looked upon as extremely taboo and devil-influenced. Consciously or subconsciously, people still bore personal sins, and this harboring led to the rapid pace of accusations. By accusing others, feelings of self-morality were produced; villagers turned on villagers, and the Salem Trials went down in history as a dark time for everyone. Reputation and Guilt: Reputation is an extremely influential factor in every decision of The Crucible, but it often makes the decisions unbeneficial to everyone. Reverend Parris chooses to cover up his nieces deeds in regards to his reputation; however this decision only creates more speculation and gives Abigail more time to create a believable story. Danforths failure to admit wrongdoing due to his respectable record clearly leads to many unwarranted deaths, while Hales admittance makes him a respectable and honest character. Finally, John Proctors decision to reveal his affair in order to condemn Abigail ironically makes him the most upright character out of all the self-serving Puritans. 8. The Witch Trials: Although already important in itself, the witch trials generally represented the idea of unfair accusation, and raised the question on the validity of the accuser. It also represented the idea of an accuser getting the accused to speak the answer that he or she would want to here, no matter the technique. These questionable situations can be matched with the big issue at hand during the second red scare, McCarthyism. The United States Government, using little evidence, accused thousands of Americans of being communists, and Arthur Miller used the Salem Trials to represent the absurdity of these accusations. Foreign Objects (The Woods, Poppet, Titubas Ritual): Although completely different things, these three share a commonality: they are foreign to the Puritan beliefs. The woods represent the unknown, seemingly equaling the darkness of the devil. To Reverend Parris, the woods emphasize Titubas ritual as a satanic device, starting the whole ordeal of a witch craze. The poppet also represents a clash of beliefs, as it also represents a foreign concept to the Puritans. Ultimately used as evidence against Elizabeth, a seemingly harmless poppet harnesses deadly superstitions that almost earn Elizabeth a death sentence. Overall, these three concepts represent the Puritans fear of the unknown, and their rebranding of anything suspicious as devilish and superstitious. 9. Abigail: I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me youve never looked up at my window? In The Crucible, heat and fire are strong images of the lustful relationship between Abigail and Proctor. In Act I, Abigail still wants their private relationship to go on, as she claims swears that she has â€Å"a sense for heat† and has seen John â€Å"burning up† in his loneliness. Basically, she still has a passion for him, and hopes to convince John that he still loves her. Later, the absence of heat in his own home describes his stiff relationship with Elizabeth. His house is described as low and dark, imagery that represents the cold affair that emotionally separates the two. Proctor: I have made a bell of my honor! I have run the doom of my good name you will believe me, Mr.Danforth! The metaphor of his honor becoming a bell is strangely true in regards to the Puritan village. Bells in a city are used to alarm citizens or remind them of an event; Proctors honor is doing exactly that. Ironically, Proctors show of honesty in revealing his affair is the first true act of a Puritan, ringing true throughout the court. However, the only sound that is actually heard in the court is his doom, since his originally suspicious character does not merit truthfulness. 10. A crucible is literally defined as a â€Å"container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures,† or â€Å"a severe, searching test or trial.† These two definitions basically sum up the entire story; the whole book is literally a court trial, and symbolically a trial of villagers morality and practicality. Most fail the test by succumbing to false accusations (high temperatures), and subsequently shoving the blame onto someone else. However, this play really shines when we actually find a real â€Å"crucible†, representing John Proctor. Although he is hanged, he is understandably one of the only few that actually endures the flames and trials, and stays in our mind as a true crucible. 11. Style/Dialect: One important aspect Arthur Miller wanted to emphasize while writing this work is its realism. He wanted us to understand that this actually happened. By writing an entire play using the dialect spoken in the late 1690s, Miller is able to bring this play to life. Through the use of old style wording that includes real accounts from Salem documents, we can witness everything in a historically accurate recreation. Form of Narration: By choosing to recreate the Salem Trials through a play and not a novel, Arthur Miller allows us to fully view what really happened without keeping us in a detached state of mind. If one would watch the play, he or she would witness real dialogue and real actions; novels give us an enjoyment, but never allow us to feel the real fervor of the characters involved. In novels, the author decides what we watch. However in plays, the author gives us an entire scene and allows us to focus on specific parts, just like real life. 12. Elizabeth: He were not hanged. He would not answer aye or nay to his indictment; for if he denied the charge theyd hang him surely, and auction out his property. So he stand mute, and died Christian under the lawGreat stones they lay upon his chest†¦they say he give them but two words, â€Å"More weight,† he says. And died. (135) Proctor: No it is not the same! What others say and what I sign to is not the same! Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (143) Proctor:Why, we have no fear of questions, sir. Hale: Good, then†¦ I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. Proctor:Whats your suspicion, Mr. Hale? Hale: No, no, I have no Proctor: I nailed the roof upon the church, I hung the door a Hale: Oh, did you! Thats a good sign, then. (64, 66) From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes